An effective version of Katok's horseshoe theorem for conservative \(C^2\) surface diffeomorphisms (Q1630368)

Let $f$ be a continuous mapping of a metric space $(X,d)$ into itself. For a natural $n$ and $\delta>0$, Bowen's $(n,\delta)$-ball centered at $x\in X$ is the set \[ B_f(x,n,\delta)=\{y\in X:\,d(f^i(x),f^i(y))<\delta,\quad 0\leq i\leq n-1\}. \] Let $f$ be a volume-preserving $C^2$ diffeomorphism of a compact surface $X$ such that its first and second derivatives satisfy the estimates $|Df|\leq A$ and $|D^2f|\leq B$. The authors give an explicit estimate involving the values $A$ and $B$ of the rate of exponential growth of the number of $(n,\delta)$-balls needed to cover a positive proportion of the phase space. This estimate allows them to obtain an effective sufficient condition under which $f$ has positive topological entropy.