Simultaneous universality (Q1635343)

The authors are concerned with the phenomenon of simultaneous approximation by the action of several operators or, more generally, by the action of several sequences of mappings. The notion of simultaneous universality is introduced, concerning operators having orbits that simultaneously approximate any given vector. Let \(X\), \(Y\) be two Hausdorff topological spaces, where \(Y\) is separable. Let \(T_n : X \rightarrow Y\) \((n = 1, 2, \dots)\) be a sequence of continuous mappings, and let, for each \(j\in\{1, \dots , p\}\) \((p\in\mathbb{N})\), \(T_{j,n}: X\rightarrow Y\) \((n\in\mathbb{N})\) be a sequence of continuous mappings. (a) The sequences \((T_{1,n}),\dots,(T_{p,n})\) are called simultaneously universal (or \(s\)-universal) whenever there exists an element \(x_0\in X\) -- called \(s\)-universal for \((T_{1,n}),\dots,(T_{p,n})\) -- satisfying \(\overline{\{[T_{1,n}),\dots,(T_{p,n}]x_0:n\in\mathbb{N}\}}\supset\triangle(Y^p)\), where \(\triangle(Y^p)\) is the diagonal of \(Y^p\). The set of such \(s\)-universal elements is denoted by \(s\)-\(\mathcal{U}((T_{1,n}),\dots,(T_{p,n}))\). (b) The sequences \((T_{1,n}),\dots,(T_{p,n})\) are said to be densely simultaneously universal if the set \(s\)-\(\mathcal{U}((T_{1,n}),\dots,(T_{p,n}))\) is dense in \(X\). And they are called hereditarily simultaneously universal (hereditarily densely simultaneously universal, resp.) if, for every strictly increasing sequence \((n_k )\in\mathbb{N}\), the sequences \((T_{1,n_k}),\dots,(T_{p,n_k})\) are \(s\)-universal (densely \(s\)-universal, resp.). (c) The mappings \((T_{1}),\dots,(T_{p})\) are called \(s\)-universal (densely \(s\)-universal, hereditarily \(s\)-universal, hereditarily densely \(s\)-universal, resp.) if the sequences \((T^n_1),\dots,(T^n_p)\) are \(s\)-universal (densely \(s\)-universal, hereditarily \(s\)-universal, hereditarily densely \(s\)-universal, resp.). The set \(s\)-\(\mathcal{U}((T^n_1),\dots,(T^n_p))\) of corresponding \(s\)-universal elements is denoted by \(s\)-\(\mathcal{U}(T_1,\dots,Tp)\). These notions are related to the well-known concepts of universality and disjoint universality. In the paper, several criteria are provided, and several applications to specific operators or sequences of operators are performed, mainly in the setting of sequence spaces or spaces of holomorphic functions.