Instantons for 4-manifolds with periodic ends and an obstruction to embeddings of 3-manifolds (Q1637159)

Let \(X\) be a homology \(S^3 \times S^1\) with its orientation given by the standard orientation of \(S^3 \times S^1\). Let \(Y\) be an oriented homology \(S^3\) such that all \(SU(2)\)-flat connections on \(Y\) are non-degenerate. Under these assumptions the author asks if there exists an embedding \(f: Y \to X\) with \(f_*[Y] = 1 \in H_3(X)\). In order to define the obstruction the author introduces the filtered Floer homology \(HF_r^1(Y)\), and the obstruction class \([\theta^r] \in HF_r^1(Y)\), where \(\theta\) is the product connection on the product \(SU(2)\) for \(Y\) and \(r \in (R \setminus cs_Y(\tilde{R}Y)) \cup \{\infty\}\), where \(cs_Y\) is the Chern-Simons functional which is the filtered version of \([\theta]\). Under the mentioned assumptions the following holds: If there exists an embedding \(f: Y\to X\) with \(f_*[Y] = 1 \in H_3(X)\), then \([\theta^r]\) vanishes for any \(r\in \Omega\) (described in the paper). Consequently, \(r\in \Omega, 0\neq [\theta^r]\) is the obstruction to embedding of the above type. Besides this the Chern-Simons functional is generalized, and a compactness theorem and some other facts for 4-manifolds with periodic ends are proved.