Verbally prime T-ideals and graded division algebras (Q1639638)

Let \(F\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and let \(G\) be a finite group. The authors consider graded verbally prime \(T\)-ideals in the free \(G\)-graded algebras. It turns out that equivalent definitions in the ordinary case (i.e., ungraded) extend to nonequivalent definitions in the graded case, namely verbally prime \(G\)-graded \(T\)-ideals and strongly verbally prime \(T\)-ideals. Let \(\Gamma\) be a \(G\)-graded \(T\)-ideal which contains a nonzero PI. (1) Then \(\Gamma\) is \(G\)-\textit{graded prime} if for any \(G\)-graded ideals \(I\) and \(J\) with \(IJ\subseteq \Gamma\), then \(I\subset \Gamma\) or \(J \subset \Gamma\). (2) Also \(\Gamma\) is \(G\)-\textit{graded verbally prime} if for any \(G\)-graded \(T\)-ideals \(I\) and \(J\) with \(IJ\subseteq \Gamma\), then \(I\subset \Gamma\) or \(J \subset \Gamma\). (3) Next, \(\Gamma\) is \(G\)-\textit{graded strongly verbally prime} if for any \(G\)-graded homogeneous polynomials \(f\) and \(g\) defined on disjoint sets of variables with \(fg\in \Gamma\), then \(f\in \Gamma\) or \(g \in \Gamma\). The classification of \(G\)-graded verbally prime \(T\)-ideals (or algebras) for the important case \(G = \mathbb Z_2\) was obtained in [\textit{A. Berele} and \textit{J. Bergen}, J. Algebra 214, No. 2, 636--651 (1999; Zbl 0928.16017)] and [\textit{O. M. Di Vincenzo}, Commun. Algebra 27, No. 5, 2031--2044 (1999; Zbl 0921.16015)]. First, following Kemer's ideas, the authors classify \(G\)-graded verbally prime \(T\)-ideals. The main bulk of the paper is devoted to the stronger notion. The structure of finite dimensional \(G\)-graded algebras which are \(G\)-simple is given in [\textit{Yu. A. Bahturin} et al., Sb. Math. 199, No. 7, 965--983 (2008; Zbl 1258.16046); translation from Mat. Sb. 199, No. 7, 21--40 (2008)]. Such algebras are of form \(P_A =(H, [c], g = (g_1,\ldots, g_k ))\), where \([c]\in H^2(H, F^*)\), and \(g = (g_1,\ldots, g_k )\in G^{(k)}\). In terms of that notations, the first main result is as follows. Theorem 1. Let \(\Gamma\) be a \(G\)-graded \(T\)-ideal where \(G\) is a finite group. Suppose \(\Gamma\) contains an ungraded Capelli polynomial \(c_n\) for some integer \(n\) (equivalently, \(\Gamma\) is the \(T\)-ideal of \(G\)-graded identities of an affine PI-algebra). Then the ideal \(\Gamma\) is \(G\)-graded strongly verbally prime if and only if it is the \(T\)-ideal of \(G\)-graded identities of a finite dimensional \(G\)-simple algebra \(A\) with presentation \(P_A =(H, \alpha, g = (g_1,\ldots, g_k ))\) satisfying the following conditions: (1) The group \(H\) is normal in \(G\). (2) The different cosets of \(H\) in \(G\) are equally represented in the \(k\)-tuple \(g=(g_1,\ldots,g_k)\). In particular, the integer \(k\) is a multiple of \([G : H]\). (3) The cohomology class \(\alpha \in H^2(H, F^*)\) is \(G\)-invariant. Here, \(G\) acts on \(H^2(H, F^*)\) via conjugation on \(H\) and trivially on \(F^*\). One of the main features of finite dimensional strongly verbally prime algebras is its intimate relation to finite dimensional \(G\)-graded division algebras, that is finite dimensional \(G\)-graded algebras whose nonzero homogeneous elements are invertible. The second main result is the following. Theorem 2. Let \(A\) be a finite dimensional \(G\)-simple \(F\)-algebra where \(Z(A)_e = F1_A\). Then \(A\) is strongly verbally prime if and only if it has a \(G\)-graded division algebra. That is, there exists a finite dimensional \(G\)-graded division algebra \(B\) over \(K\) where \(Z(B)_e = K1_B\), and a field \(E\) which extends \(K\) (and \(F\)) such that \(B_E\) and \(A_E\) are \(G\)-graded isomorphic algebras over \(E\).