Representability and Specht problem for \(G\)-graded algebras. (Q1959664)

Among the corner stones of the theory of Kemer on the polynomial identities of associative algebras over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0 are the following: (1) For a finitely generated PI-algebra \(R\) there exists a finite dimensional algebra \(A\) with the same polynomial identities as \(R\); (2) For an arbitrary PI-algebra \(R\) there exists a finite dimensional \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded algebra \(A=A_0\oplus A_1\) such that the identities of \(R\) coincide with the identities of the Grassmann envelope \(A_0\otimes_FE_0\oplus A_1\otimes_FE_1\); (3) The polynomial identities of any PI-algebra \(R\) satisfy the Specht property, i.e., the T-ideal of the identities of \(R\) is finitely generated as a T-ideal. In the paper under review the authors establish similar results for algebras graded by an arbitrary finite group \(G\). If \(W\) is an associative PI-algebra over \(F\) and \(\text{id}_G(W)\) is the T-ideal of the \(G\)-graded identities of \(W\), then: (1) If \(W\) is finitely generated, then there exists a field extension \(K\) of \(F\) and a finite dimensional \(G\)-graded algebra \(A\) over \(K\) such that \(\text{id}_G(W)=\text{id}_G(A)\) [\(G\)-graded PI-equivalence for affine algebras]; (2) For an arbitrary \(W\) there exists a field extension \(K\) of \(F\) and a finite dimensional \(\mathbb{Z}_2\times G\)-graded algebra \(A\) over \(K\) such that \(\text{id}_G(W)=\text{id}_G(A^*)\) where \(A^*\) is the Grassmann envelope of \(A\) [\(G\)-graded PI-equivalence]; (3) For an arbitrary \(W\) the T-ideal \(\text{id}_G(W)\) is finitely generated as a \(G\)-graded T-ideal [\(G\)-graded Specht problem]. One of the corollaries of the results and their proofs is that the exponent of the \(G\)-codimensions exists and is an integer for any \(G\)-graded PI-algebra \(R\) and any finite group \(G\). (Before, this was known for Abelian groups \(G\) only, due to \textit{E. Aljadeff, A. Giambruno} and \textit{D. La Mattina} [to appear in J. Reine Angew. Math.]). Although the main line of the proofs follows the scheme of Kemer, as given in the book [\textit{A. Kanel-Belov} and \textit{L. H. Rowen}, Computational aspects of polynomial identities. Research Notes in Mathematics 9. Wellesley: A K Peters (2005; Zbl 1076.16018)], there are many essentially new moments because of the difficulties arising from the grading. The Specht problem is still open for \(G\)-graded algebras which are not PI when considered as ordinary algebras. Almost at the same time the main results of the present paper were obtained independently by \textit{I. Sviridova} in the case of finite Abelian groups \(G\), [to appear in Commun. Algebra].