On the Kodaira dimension of orthogonal modular varieties (Q1645327)

Orthogonal modular varieties of signature \((2,n)\) arise naturally in the study of the moduli spaces of \(K3\) surfaces and holomorphic symplectic manifolds. The goal of this paper is to show that, up to finitely many lattices up to scaling, the modular variety associated to the orthogonal group of a lattice of signature \((2,n)\) for \(n\geq21\) or \(n=17\) is of general type. Let \(\mathcal{F}_L\) be the corresponding modular variety and \(\bar{\mathcal F}_L\) its projective toroidal compactification with the canonical divisor \(K_{\bar{\mathcal F}_L}\) and Hodge bundle \(\mathcal{L}\). The proof that \(\mathcal{F}_L\) is, in the most cases, of general type consists of two main parts: (1) Construct a nonzero cusps form of weight \(n'<n\) with respect to \(O^+(L)\). This is done in Section 3 by using Eisenstein series of Brunier-Kuss and Gritsenko-Borcherds lifting. Consequently, the bundle \(n'\mathcal{L}-\Delta\), where \(\Delta\subset\bar{\mathcal F}\) is the boundary divisor, is effective. (2) Deduce the bigness of \(a\mathcal{L}-\frac{1}{2}B\), where \(a\) is a fixed positive rational number and \(B\) denotes the branch divisor of \(\mathcal{F}_L\), from the estimation of the sum of Hirzebruch-Mumford volume ratios. This is done in Sections 4-6. The idea is to associate each irreducible component of the branch divisor to an equivalence class of reflective vectors, hence to its orthogonal complement as a sublattice of \(L\). Each of this yields a Hilbert-Mumford volume ratio, which is estimated in Sections 5-6 using the explicit formula for the Hirzebruch-Mumford volume. Summing the both parts together, one sees that \(K_{\bar{\mathcal F}_L}\) is big up to finitely many cases. The last section deals with some effective computations, namely Section 7.1 is devoted to an effective computation to show that if \(n\geq109\), all \(\mathcal{F}_L\) are of general type, and Section 7.2 shows that the bound of \(n\) can be reduced to 39 for odd unimodular lattices.