Isomorphic classification of reflexive Müntz spaces (Q1649080)

A sequence \(\Lambda=(\lambda_k)\) of reals \(\geq 0\) satisfies the Müntz condition if \(\sum_k 1/\lambda_k<\infty\) and the gap condition if \(\inf_k\{\lambda_{k+1}-\lambda_k\}>0.\) The gap condition can be interpreted as ``the set \(\Lambda\) is not too concentrated anywhere''. A Müntz space is the norm closure in either \(C[0,1]\) or \(L_p[0,1]\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), of the monomials \(t^\lambda\), \(\lambda\in\Lambda\). The author has shown in a series of three papers in the same journal in 2017 that, under the gap condition, Müntz spaces have a Schauder basis, thus solving a longstanding problem [ibid. 5, No.~1, Paper No. 10, 14 p. (2017; Zbl 1377.46011); ibid. 5, No. 3, Paper No. 35, 10 p. (2017; Zbl 1398.46011)]. In the present paper, Müntz spaces in \(L_p[0,1]\), \(1< p<\infty\), are considered. They are of course reflexive, and so one may wonder whether they are ``equal'' to other known reflexive spaces. The main result (built on a series of structural lemmata) is that a Müntz space in \(L_p\), \(1< p<\infty\), is isomorphic to \(\ell_p\) when the Müntz and the gap condition are both fulfilled and the sequence \(\Lambda\) is increasing. A key step in the proof is that, under these conditions, the Müntz space is complemented in \(L_ p\).