Square functions for bi-Lipschitz maps and directional operators (Q1655786)

In the paper under review, the authors study the so-called Littlewood-Paley diagonalization estimate for bi-Lipschitz maps. Their study is motivated by the investigation of directional operators in the plane: directional Hilbert transform along lines and monomial curves in the plane \[ H_u f(x,y):= \text{p.v.}\int_{-1}^{+1} f(x+r,y+u(x,y)r) \frac{d r}{r}\;, u:{\mathbb R}^2\to [-1,1], \] single scale directional operator associated to a Schwartz function \(\phi\) \[ A_{u,\phi}f(x,y) := \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \phi(r) f(x+r,y+u(x,y)r) d r, \] and others. Let \(T_A f(x) := f(x + A(x))\), where \(A : {\mathbb R}\to {\mathbb R}\) be a Lipschitz function with \(\|A\|_{\mathrm{Lip}} \leq 1/100\) (when the Lipschitz norm of \(A\) becomes too large the desired estimates breaks down). Let \(P_t f := \psi_t *f\) be the Littlewood-Paley operators associated to Schwartz function \(\psi\) on \(\mathbb R\), where \(\psi_t(x) = t^{-1}\psi(t^{-1}x)\), \(\hat{\psi}\) identically equals 1 on \(\pm [99/100,103/100]\) and vanishes outside of \(\pm [98/100, 104/100]\). Let \(\Psi\) be another Schwartz function on \(\mathbb R\) such that \(\hat{\Psi}\) is supported on \(\pm [1, 101/100]\). One of the main result in this paper is the following estimate \[ \left\| \sum_{t \in 2^{\mathbb Z}} |(1-P_{t})T_{A} (\Psi_{t} * f)| \right\|_{p} \lesssim_{p,\psi,\Psi} \|A\|_{\mathrm{Lip}} \|f\|_{p}, \quad 1 < p < \infty. \] Several corollaries of this results are proved in the paper: bounds for \(H_u\) and truncated directional Hilbert transforms, bounds for the square function of the operator \(A_{u,\phi}\), a new proof of part of a theorem of \textit{N. Katz} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 31, No. 6, 700--710 (1999; Zbl 1033.42012)] on direction fields with finitely many directions.