Slope inequality for families of curves over surfaces (Q1659911)

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field. If \(X\) is a smooth surface over \(k\) and \(f: X\to B\) is a relatively minimal non isotrivial fibration onto a curve with general fiber of genus \(g\geq 2\) then the slope of \(f\) is defined as \[ s(f):=\frac{K^2_{X/B}}{\deg(f_*\omega_{X/B}}. \] The slope satisfies the now classical inequality \(s(f)\geq \frac{4(g-1)}{g}\), which has been established through the work of several authors [\textit{E. Horikawa}, in: Complex Anal. algebr. Geom., Collect. Pap. dedic. K. Kodaira, 79--90 (1977; Zbl 0349.14021)], [\textit{U. Persson}, Compos. Math. 43, 3--58 (1981; Zbl 0479.14018)], [\textit{M. Cornalba} and \textit{J. Harris}, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 21, No. 3, 455--475 (1988; Zbl 0674.14006)], [\textit{G. Xiao}, Math. Ann. 276, 449--466 (1987; Zbl 0596.14028)], [\textit{A. Moriwaki}, Compos. Math. 105, No. 2, 125--140 (1997; Zbl 0917.14012)]. It is not obvious how to generalize the notion of slope to higher dimensional fibrations \(f: X\to Y\). Here the author considers the following situation: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[--] \(X\) is normal of dimension 3 and \(Y\) is smooth of dimension 2 \item[--] \(f\) is flat map \item[--] \(K_{X/Y}\) is nef (i.e., \(f\) is minimal) \item[--] the general fiber of \(f\) is a smooth curve of genus \(g\) \end{itemize}} He defines the slope as \[ s(f):=\frac{K^2_{X/Y}}{\mathrm{ch}_2(f_*\omega_{X/Y})}. \] and proves that if \(\text{char} k=0\) or \(\text{char} k>0\) and \(f_*\omega_{X/B}\) is semi-positive, then the following inequality holds: \[ s(f)\geq \frac{12(g-1)}{g+1}. \] Finally, I would like to point out that in [Duke Math. J. 164, No. 3, 541--568 (2015; Zbl 1409.14013)], \textit{M. A. Barja} has considered the case of a fibration \(f: X\to B\) of an \(n\)-dimensional variety onto a curve. He defines \[ s(f):=\frac{K^n_{X/B}}{\deg(f_*\omega_{X/Y}} \] as in the case of curves and, assuming that \(X\) has maximal Albanese dimension, proves \(s(f)\geq 2n!\) if \(B\) has genus 0 and a slightly weaker inequality when \(B\) has genus \(>0\).