Morrey meets Herz with variable exponent and applications to commutators of homogeneous fractional integrals with rough kernels (Q1674064)

Let \(S^{n-1}\) be the unit sphere in \({\mathbb R}^n\) and \(\Omega\in L^s(S^{n-1})\), \(s\geq 1\), be a homogeneous function of degree zero. For \(0<\sigma<n\), the homogeneous fractional integral operator \(T_{\Omega,s}\) is defined by \(T_{\Omega,\sigma}f(x)=\int_{{\mathbb R}^n}\frac{\Omega(x-y)}{|x-y|^{n-\sigma}}f(y)\,dy\) and the commutator with the operator of multiplication by a function \(b\in BMO({\mathbb R}^n)\) is defined by \([b,T_{\Omega,\sigma}]=bT_{\Omega,\sigma}-T_{\Omega,\sigma}b I\). Recall that a measurable function \(p:{\mathbb R}^n\to(1,\infty)\) is said to be globally log-Hölder continuous if \(p^-:=\text{ess\,inf}_{x\in{\mathbb R}^n}p(x)>1\), \(p^+:=\text{ess\,sup}_{x\in{\mathbb R}^n}p(x)<\infty\) and \(|p(x)-p(y)|\leq\frac{C}{-\log|x-y|}\) for \(|x-y|\leq 1/2\), \(|p(x)-p(y)|\leq\frac{C}{\log(|x|+e)}\) for \(|y|\geq|x|\). For a measurable set \(E\subset{\mathbb R}^n\) and a variable exponent \(p:E\to(1,\infty)\), the variable Lebesgue space \(L^{p(\cdot)}(E)\) is the set of all measurable functions \(f\) on \(E\) such that, for some \(\lambda>0\), one has \(\varrho_{p(\cdot),E}(f/\lambda)=\int_E(|f(x)|/\lambda)^{p(x)}\,dx<\infty\). It is a Banach space with respect to the norm \(\|f\|_{L^{p(\cdot)}(E)}=\inf\left\{\lambda>0:\varrho_{p(\cdot),E}(f/\lambda)\leq 1\right\}\). Further, the space \(L^{p(\cdot)}_{loc}(E)\) is defined as the set of all functions \(f\) on \(E\) such that \(f\in L^{p(\cdot)}(F)\) for all compact subsets \(F\subset E\). For \(k\in{\mathbb Z}\), let \(B_k=\{x\in{\mathbb R}^n:|x|\leq 2^k\}\) and \(A_k=B_k\setminus B_{k-1}\). Let \(\chi_k\) be the characteristic function of the set \(A_k\), let \(\widetilde{\chi}_k\) coincide with \(\chi_k\) for all positive integers, and let \(\widetilde{\chi}_0\) denote the characteristic function of \(B_0\). For \(\alpha\in{\mathbb R}\), \(0<p\leq\infty\), \(0\leq\lambda<\infty\) and a variable exponent \(q:{\mathbb R}\to(1,\infty)\), the homogeneous Morrey-Herz space with variable exponent \(M\dot{K}_{p,q(\cdot)}^{\alpha,\lambda}({\mathbb R}^n)\) consists of all functions \(f\in L_{loc}^{q(\cdot)}({\mathbb R}^n\setminus\{0\})\) satisfying \[ \|f\|_{M\dot{K}_{p,q(\cdot)}^{\alpha,\lambda}}=\sup_{L\in{\mathbb Z}}2^{-L\lambda} \left(\sum_{k=-\infty}^L 2^{k\alpha p}\|f\chi_k\|_{L^{q(\cdot)}({\mathbb R}^n)}^p\right)^{1/p}<\infty. \] The non-homogeneous Morrey-Herz space with variable exponent \(MK_{p,q(\cdot)}^{\alpha,\lambda}({\mathbb R}^n)\) is the set of all functions \(f\in L_{loc}^{q(\cdot)}({\mathbb R}^n\setminus\{0\})\) such that \[ \|f\|_{MK_{p,q(\cdot)}^{\alpha,\lambda}}=\sup_{L\in{\mathbb Z}}2^{-L\lambda} \left(\sum_{k=0}^L 2^{k\alpha p}\|f\widetilde{\chi}_k\|_{L^{q(\cdot)}({\mathbb R}^n)}^p\right)^{1/p}<\infty. \] The main result of the paper is the following. Suppose \(0<\nu\leq 1\), \(0<\sigma<n-\nu\), and \(q_1(\cdot)\) is globally log-Hölder continuous with \(q_1^+<n/\sigma\), \(1/q_1(\cdot)-1/q_2(\cdot)=\sigma/n\), \(\Omega\in L^s(S^{n-1})\) with \(s>(q_1')^-\). Let \(0<p_1\leq p_2<\infty\) and \(0<\lambda<\alpha<n\delta_2-\nu-n/s\) (resp., \(0<\lambda<\alpha_2\leq \alpha_1<n\delta_2 -\nu-n/s\)). Then the operators \(T_{\Omega,s}\) and \([b,T_{\Omega,s}]\) with \(b\in BMO({\mathbb R}^n)\) are bounded from \(M\dot{K}_{q_1(\cdot)}^{\alpha,p_1}({\mathbb R}^n)\) to \(M\dot{K}_{q_2(\cdot)}^{\alpha,p_2}({\mathbb R}^n)\) (resp., from \(MK_{q_1(\cdot)}^{\alpha_1,p_1}({\mathbb R}^n)\) to \(MK_{q_2(\cdot)}^{\alpha_2,p_2}({\mathbb R}^n)\)).