Survey on some aspects of Lefschetz theorems in algebraic geometry (Q1675674)

The Lefschetz hyperplane theorem states that if \(Y\) is a smooth hyperplane section of a smooth projective variety \(X\) over \(\mathbb{C}\) and \(x\in Y\), then the map \(\pi^{\mathrm{top}}_1(Y,x) \to \pi^{\mathrm{top}}_1(X,x)\) is surjective for \(\mathrm{dim}Y=1\) and bijective for \(\mathrm{dim}Y\geq 2\). In this survey article, the author explains Grothendieck's Lefschetz theorem for regular projective varieties a field \(k\), and also similar results on tame fundamental groups. For a normal variety over a finite field, the author describes Degline's \(\ell\)-adic and crystalline conjectures in Weil II, and review recent progress for smooth varieties by using some Lefschetz theorems to reduce to the curve case.