Universal \(\mathcal {D}\)-modules and stacks of étale germs of \(n\)-dimensional varieties (Q1677174)

The article studies categories of universal $\mathcal{D}$-modules and universal $\mathcal{O}$-modules for given dimension $n$ in a sense which is precised if $n=1$ for chiral algebras in [\textit{E. Frenkel} and \textit{D. Ben-Zvi}, Vertex algebras and algebraic curves. 2nd revised and expanded ed. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2004; Zbl 1106.17035)]. Referring to ideas from the work of \textit{A. Beilinson} and \textit{V. Drinfeld} [Chiral algebras. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (2004; Zbl 1138.17300)], these categories are discussed in the context of related categories of representations of groups of automorphisms of the n-dimensional formal disk. The following is observed: \begin{itemize} \item[$\bullet$] There is an equivalence of data of a universal $\mathcal{D}$-module and a single sheaf on a stack which parametrizes étale germs of $n$-dimensional varieties. \item[$\bullet$] A relative version of Artin approximation gives a correspondence of the stack previously mentioned to the classifying stack of the group $G$ of automorphisms of the formal disk. In case of $\mathcal{D}$-modules it is equivalent to the stack of $G^{\text{ét}}$ (the group of automorphisms of étale type). \end{itemize} More in detail: The objects studied here are understood as classifying stacks on one hand, and as stacks of germs of varieties on the other. As a formal group scheme, $G$ may be considered to be a limit of quotients $G^{(c)}$, which are (roughly speaking) automorphism groups of $c$-th infinitesimal neighbourhoods of points in an $n$-dimensional variety. Here the author's application of Artin approximation comes in, as given in ch. 4 of the paper: There are morphisms \[ \begin{aligned} \mathcal{M}_n^{(c)} &\to BG^{(c)} \\ \mathcal{M}_n^{\mathrm{pt},(c)} &\to BK^{(c)}, \end{aligned} \] where $\mathcal{M}_n^{(c)}$, $\mathcal{M}_n^{\mathrm{pt},(c)}$ denote the stacks of étale germs and pointed étale germs, respectively and $BG$, $BK$ the classifying stacks of automorphisms in $G$ and its subgroup $ K$ of automorphisms preserving the origin. For $c=\infty$, from the stacks $\mathcal{M}_n^{(\infty)} \to BG^{\text{ét}} \hookrightarrow BG$ the following morphisms $\mathrm{Rep}(G) \to \mathrm{Rep}(G^{\text{ét}}) \cong \mathrm{QCoh}(\mathcal{M}_n^{(\infty )})$ of representations are obtained to the quasi-coherent sheaves on $\mathcal{M}_n^{(\infty)}$. The restriction functor $\mathrm{Rep}(G) \to \mathrm{Rep}(G^{\text{ét}})$ is studied under finiteness conditions. \par In the apparently easier case of $K$ and $K^{\text{ét}}$, the result is formulated by the author in this way: ``\dots the restriction functor $\mathrm{Res}_{K, K^{\text{ét}}}$ \dots gives an equivalence of the subcategories of finite-dimensional representations. \dots $\mathrm{Res}_{K, K^{\text{ét}}}$ is fully faithful, with essential image the subcategory of locally finite representations of $K^{\text{ét}}$.'' \par Similarly, the functor $\mathrm{Res}_{G, G^{\text{ét}}}$ is investigated. The following discussion of universal modules (in the sense of Beilinson and Drinfeld [loc. cit.]) leads to an equivalence between universal $\mathcal{D}$-modules and quasi-coherent sheaves on $\mathcal{M}_n^{\infty}$, correspondingly to an equivalence of universal $\mathcal{O}$-modules and quasi-coherent sheaves on $\mathcal{M}_n^{pt,\infty}$. Furthermore, the notion of \textit{convergent} universal $\mathcal{D}$-modules is introduced. Among the results, there are equivalences of categories \[ \begin{aligned} \mathcal{U}^{{\mathcal{D}},(c)} &\cong \mathrm{Rep}(G^{(c)}) \\ \mathcal{U}^{{\mathcal{D}}, \mathrm{conv}} &\cong \mathrm{Rep}(G). \end{aligned} \] The article concludes with remarks on $\infty$-categories, where definitions are chosen to extend the previous results in a natural way.