Universal D-modules and stacks of étale germs of n-dimensional varieties

DOI10.1007/S40879-017-0135-7MaRDI QIDQ1677174zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 10 November 2017

Published in European Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.8457

Artin approximation automorphisms of formal discs classifying stacks universal $\mathcal {D}$-modules universal $\mathcal {O}$-modules

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Generalizations (algebraic spaces, stacks) (14A20) Local deformation theory, Artin approximation, etc. (14B12) Local structure of morphisms in algebraic geometry: étale, flat, etc. (14B25) Differentials and other special sheaves; D-modules; Bernstein-Sato ideals and polynomials (14F10)

Abstract: We introduce stacks classifying 'etale germs of pointed n-dimensional varieties. We show that quasi-coherent sheaves on these stacks are universal D- and O-modules. We state and prove a relative version of Artin's approximation theorem, and as a consequence identify our stacks with classifying stacks of automorphism groups of the n-dimensional formal disc. We introduce the notion of convergent universal modules, and study them in terms of these stacks and the representation theory of the automorphism groups.

Review text

The article studies categories of universal $\mathcal{D}$-modules and universal $\mathcal{O}$-modules for given dimension $n$ in a sense which is precised if $n=1$ for chiral algebras in [\textit{E. Frenkel} and \textit{D. Ben-Zvi}, Vertex algebras and algebraic curves. 2nd revised and expanded ed. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2004; Zbl 1106.17035)]. Referring to ideas from the work of \textit{A. Beilinson} and \textit{V. Drinfeld} [Chiral algebras. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (2004; Zbl 1138.17300)], these categories are discussed in the context of related categories of representations of groups of automorphisms of the n-dimensional formal disk. The following is observed: \begin{itemize} \item[$\bullet$] There is an equivalence of data of a universal $\mathcal{D}$-module and a single sheaf on a stack which parametrizes étale germs of $n$-dimensional varieties. \item[$\bullet$] A relative version of Artin approximation gives a correspondence of the stack previously mentioned to the classifying stack of the group $G$ of automorphisms of the formal disk. In case of $\mathcal{D}$-modules it is equivalent to the stack of $G^{\text{ét}}$ (the group of automorphisms of étale type). \end{itemize} More in detail: The objects studied here are understood as classifying stacks on one hand, and as stacks of germs of varieties on the other. As a formal group scheme, $G$ may be considered to be a limit of quotients $G^{(c)}$, which are (roughly speaking) automorphism groups of $c$-th infinitesimal neighbourhoods of points in an $n$-dimensional variety. Here the author's application of Artin approximation comes in, as given in ch. 4 of the paper: There are morphisms \[ \begin{aligned} \mathcal{M}_n^{(c)} &\to BG^{(c)} \\ \mathcal{M}_n^{\mathrm{pt},(c)} &\to BK^{(c)}, \end{aligned} \] where $\mathcal{M}_n^{(c)}$, $\mathcal{M}_n^{\mathrm{pt},(c)}$ denote the stacks of étale germs and pointed étale germs, respectively and $BG$, $BK$ the classifying stacks of automorphisms in $G$ and its subgroup $ K$ of automorphisms preserving the origin. For $c=\infty$, from the stacks $\mathcal{M}_n^{(\infty)} \to BG^{\text{ét}} \hookrightarrow BG$ the following morphisms $\mathrm{Rep}(G) \to \mathrm{Rep}(G^{\text{ét}}) \cong \mathrm{QCoh}(\mathcal{M}_n^{(\infty )})$ of representations are obtained to the quasi-coherent sheaves on $\mathcal{M}_n^{(\infty)}$. The restriction functor $\mathrm{Rep}(G) \to \mathrm{Rep}(G^{\text{ét}})$ is studied under finiteness conditions. \par In the apparently easier case of $K$ and $K^{\text{ét}}$, the result is formulated by the author in this way: ``\dots the restriction functor $\mathrm{Res}_{K, K^{\text{ét}}}$ \dots gives an equivalence of the subcategories of finite-dimensional representations. \dots $\mathrm{Res}_{K, K^{\text{ét}}}$ is fully faithful, with essential image the subcategory of locally finite representations of $K^{\text{ét}}$. \par Similarly, the functor $\mathrm{Res}_{G, G^{\text{ét}}}$ is investigated. The following discussion of universal modules (in the sense of Beilinson and Drinfeld [loc. cit.]) leads to an equivalence between universal $\mathcal{D}$-modules and quasi-coherent sheaves on $\mathcal{M}_n^{\infty}$, correspondingly to an equivalence of universal $\mathcal{O}$-modules and quasi-coherent sheaves on $\mathcal{M}_n^{pt,\infty}$. Furthermore, the notion of \textit{convergent} universal $\mathcal{D}$-modules is introduced. Among the results, there are equivalences of categories \[ \begin{aligned} \mathcal{U}^{{\mathcal{D}},(c)} &\cong \mathrm{Rep}(G^{(c)}) \\ \mathcal{U}^{{\mathcal{D}}, \mathrm{conv}} &\cong \mathrm{Rep}(G). \end{aligned} \] The article concludes with remarks on $\infty$-categories, where definitions are chosen to extend the previous results in a natural way.

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