Periodic distributions and periodic elements in modulation spaces (Q1681996)

Given a compact set \(K\subset \mathbb{R}^n\), the Gervey class \(\mathcal{E}_s(K)\), \(s>0\), of Roumieu type is the set of \(f\in C^\infty (K)\) such that \[ \|f\|_{K, h, s} = \sup_{\alpha\in\mathbb{N}^d} \frac{\|\partial^\alpha f\|_{L^\infty(K)}}{h^{|\alpha|} \alpha!^s} < \infty \] for some \(h>0\). The class \(\mathcal{E}_s(K)\) is equipped with the inductive limit topology generated by the above seminorms. Put \[ \mathcal{E}_s(\mathbb{R}^d) = \mathrm{proj}\lim_{j} \mathcal{E}_s(K_j), \] where \(\{K_j\}\) is an exhaustion of \(\mathbb{R}^d\). Let \(\mathcal{E}_s^1(\mathbb{R}^d)\) denote the set of \(1\)-periodic functions in \(\mathcal{E}_s(\mathbb{R}^d)\). The authors prove that \(f \in \mathcal{E}_s^1(\mathbb{R}^d)\), \(s>0\), if and only if \(f\) is a \(1\)-periodic ultra-distribution and its short-time Fourier transform \(V_\phi f\) satisfies the following estimate: \[ |V_\phi f (x, \xi)| \leq C e^{-r|\xi|^\frac{1}{s}} \] for some constants \(C, r >0\), where \(\phi\) is a non-zero element of the Gelfand-Shilov space \(\mathcal{S}_t^s (\mathbb{R}^d)\). Also, they obtain an analogous characterization of the dual space \((\mathcal{E}_s^1)^\prime (\mathbb{R}^d)\) as well as characterizations of periodic distributions in Gevrey classes of Beurling type, in Gelfand-Shilov distribution spaces and in modulation spaces.