A principal ideal theorem for compact sets of rank one valuation rings (Q1682047)

Let \(F\) be a field and Zar\((F)\) be the set of all valuation rings of \(F\), together with the Zariski topology. For any \(X\subset\mathrm{Zar}(X)\), let \(A(X)\) be the intersection of all the valuation rings of \(X\) and \(J(X)\) be the intersection of the maximal ideals of all the valuation rings of \(X\). The main theorem states that if \(X\subset\mathrm{Zar}(X)\) satisfies: (a) \(X\) is quasicompact, (b) the elements of \(X\) are rank one valuation rings, (c) \(J(X)\neq 0\) (\(0\), the zero ideal), then \(A(X)\) is a Bézout domain (i.e. an integral domain for which every finitely generated ideal is principal) of Krull dimension one and whose quotient field is \(F\). By means of counter-examples, he shows that if any one of the hypotheses (a), (b) or (c) is omitted, then the conclusion is false. The proof of the main theorem is based on the following lemma. The mappings \(X\mapsto A(X)\) and \(A\mapsto \{A_M \mid M \text{ is a maximal ideal of } A\}\) defines a bijection between the quasicompact sets \(X\) of rank one valuation rings in \(\mathrm{Zar}(F)\) with \(J(X)\neq 0\), and the one-dimensional Prüfer domains with nonzero Jacobson radical and quotient field \(F\) (a Prüfer domain is an integral domain \(A\) such that for every maximal ideal \(M\) of \(A\), the localization \(A_M\) of \(A\) at \(M\) is a valuation domain). The first consequence of the main theorem is that for \(\emptyset\neq X\subset\mathrm{Zar}(F)\), the following are equivalent. (1) \(A(X)\) is a one dimensional Prüfer domain with quotient field \(F\). (2) \(X\) is contained in a quasicompact set of rank one valuation rings in \(\mathrm{Zar}(F)\). (3) Every valuation ring in the closure of \(X\), with respect to the patch topology, has rank one. We can also mention two other properties. Let \(\emptyset \neq X\subset\mathrm{Zar}(F)\) such that \(J(X)\neq 0\). Then, \(X\) is contained in a quasicompact set of discrete valuation rings if, and only if, \(A(X)\) has quotient field \(F\) and, for each maximal ideal of \(A(X)\), \(A(X)_M\) is a discrete valuation ring. Let \(\emptyset \neq X\subset\mathrm{Zar}(F)\) such that \(J(X)\neq 0\), \(X^*=X\cup\{F\}\), and \({\mathcal O}_{X^*}\) be the sheaf on \(X^*\) defined for every nonempty open set \({\mathcal U}\subset X^*\) by \({\mathcal O}_{X^*}({\mathcal U})=\bigcap_{V\in {\mathcal U}}V\). Then: \((X^*,{\mathcal O}_{X^*})\) is an affine scheme if, and only if, \(X\) is quasicompact, \((X^*,{\mathcal O}_{X^*})\) is a scheme if, and only if, \(X\) is locally quasicompact.