Spectrality of self-affine measures and generalized compatible pairs (Q1682386)

Let \(M\) be an expanding \(n\times n\)-matrix with integer entries and \(D\subset \mathbb{Z}^n\) a digit set. Denote by \(\mu_{M,D}\) the self-affine measure associated with \(M\) and \(D\), i.e., \(\mu:=\mu_{M,D}\) is the self-referential measure satisfying \[ \mu = \frac{1}{|D|} \sum_{d\in D} \mu\circ\phi_d^{-1}, \] where the \[ \phi_d(x) := M^{-1}(x+d), \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^n, \quad d\in D, \] are maps comprising an iterated function system. The author investigates the spectrality of \(\mu\) by introducing generalized compatible pairs via Hadamard matrices. Employing properties of Hadamard matrices, several properties of these generalized pairs are derived. Furthermore, a method for constructing \(\mu\)-orthogonal exponentials is presented and certain relations between the generalized compatible pairs and the spectrality of self-affine measures are established. The latter extends known results.