Binary differential equations at parabolic and umbilical points for 2-parameter families of surfaces (Q1688246)

In this paper, the authors are interested in bifurcation phenomena of asymptotic binary differential equations (BDE). They determine local topological types of BDE of asymptotic curves at parabolic and flat umbilical points for generic \(2\)-parameter families of surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^3\) by comparing their projective classification of Monge forms and classification of general BDE obtained by Tari and Oliver. In particular, generic bifurcations of the parabolic curve are classified. The flecnodal curve is also examined by direct computations, and the authors present new bifurcation diagrams in typical examples. The paper is organized as follows: the first section is an introduction to the subject. Section 2 is titled `Monge forms at parabolic and flat points'. The authors briefly recall their classification of Monge forms via projective transformations obtained in [\textit{H. Sano} et al., ``Classification of jets of surfaces in projective 3-space via central projection'', Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 48, No. 4, 623--639 (2017; \url{doi:10.1007/s00574-017-0036-x})]. Section 3 concerns the study of binary differential equations. In Section 4, entitled `Families of Monge forms and BDEs', the authors compare families of Monge forms and families of BDEs. Finally, Section 5 is devoted to the study of bifurcation diagrams for \(2\)-parameter families of surfaces