Algebraic \(K\)-theory and descent for blow-ups (Q1696055)

Let \(X\) be a noetherian scheme and let \[ \begin{tikzcd} {\tilde X}\arrow[d] & E \arrow[l]\arrow[d]\\ X & Y \arrow[l] \end{tikzcd} \] be a cartesian diagram of schemes. It is called an abstract blow-up square of \({\tilde X}\rightarrow X\) is proper, \(Y\rightarrow X\) is a closed immersion, and the induced map \({\tilde X}\backslash E \rightarrow X\backslash Y\) is an isomorphism. One might ask a question whether algebraic \(K\)-theory satisfies descent for the abstract blow-up square. This is a question about existence of the following long exact sequence in algebraic \(K\)-theory \[ \cdots \rightarrow K_{i}(X)\rightarrow K_{i}(Y)\oplus K_{i}(\tilde X) \rightarrow K_{i}(E)\rightarrow K_{i-1}(X)\rightarrow \cdots \] Let \(Y_n\) be the \(n\)-th infinitesimal thickening of \(Y\) in \(X\) and \(E_n\) the \(n\)-th infinitesimal thickening of \(E\) in \(\tilde X\). Grothendieck proved that for any coherent sheaf \(\mathcal F\) the following diagram \[ \begin{tikzcd} R{\Gamma}(X, {\mathcal F}_X) \arrow[r]\arrow[d] &{``\lim\limits_n"} R{\Gamma}(Y_n, {\mathcal F}_{Y_n}) \arrow[d] \\ R{\Gamma}({\tilde X}, {\mathcal F}_{\tilde X}) \arrow[r] & {``\lim\limits_n"} R{\Gamma}(E_n, {\mathcal F}_{E_n}) \end{tikzcd} \] is homotopy cartesian in the sense of pro-systems. The main theorem of the paper is that for any abstract bow-up the analog of the Grothendieck's theorem holds i.e. the following diagram of pro-spectra of non-connective algebraic \(K\)-theory is homotopy cartesian. \[ \begin{tikzcd} K(X) \arrow[r]\arrow[d] & {``\lim\limits_n"} K(Y_n) \arrow[d] \\ K({\tilde X}) \arrow[r]&{``\lim\limits_n"} K(E_n) \end{tikzcd} \] As a consequence of this and results of [\textit{M. Kerz} and \textit{F. Strunk}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 221, No. 7, 1641--1644 (2017; Zbl 1372.19003)], the authors prove the Weibel's conjecture on the vanishing of negative \(K\)-groups (cf. [\textit{C. A. Weibel}, Invent. Math. 61, 177--197 (1980; Zbl 0437.13009)]). This together with the main result gives a new proof that for any abstract blow-up square with \(X\) finite dimensional the following square of homotopy \(K\)-theory spectra is homotopy cartesian \[ \begin{tikzcd} KH(X) \arrow[r]\arrow[d] & KH(Y)\arrow[d] \\ KH({\tilde X}) \arrow[r] & KH(E) \end{tikzcd} \]