On asymptotic expansions in spin-boson models (Q1702559)

For a large class of generalized spin-Boson models, existence of asymptotic expansions for the ground state and the ground state energy for arbitrary order is proved (Theorem 2). Authors remark asymptotic expansion for arbitrary order have been studied in [\textit{A. Arai}, Ann. Henri Poincaré 15, No. 6, 1145--1170 (2014; Zbl 1347.81062)], provided the infrared regularization is sufficiently strong. In the present paper, this infrared assumption is relaxed substantially (\S2, Hypothesis 1.cf. \S3, Hypothesis 2). The model is described in \S2. The total Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\) is defined by \(\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{at}}\otimes \mathcal{F}\). \(\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{at}}\) is a separable Hilbert space on which a selfadjoint operator \(H_{\mathrm{at}}\) is acting, whose least spectrum \(E_{\mathrm{at}}\) is an isolated nondegenerate eigenvalue. Its normalized eigenvector is denoted by \(\phi_{\mathrm{at}}\). \(\mathcal{F}=\bigoplus_{n}\mathcal{F}_n\), \(\mathcal{F}_n=L^2_s((\mathbb{R}^3)^n;\mathbb{C})\), is the symmetric Fock space. The free field Hamiltonian is denoted by \(H_f\). Total Hamiltonian is \[ H(\lambda)=H_{\mathrm{at}}\otimes 1_\mathcal{F}+1_{\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{at}}}\otimes H_f +\lambda V. \] Here \(V=\phi(G)\), \(\phi(G)=\overline{a(G)+a^\ast(G)}\), where \(a(G)\) is the annihilation operator associated with a coupling function, a strongly measurable function \(G:\mathbb{R}^3\to \mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{at}})\). In this paper, the following estimate of \(\|G\|\) is used. \[ \int\|G(k)\|^2(1+|k|^{-2})dk\leq \infty. \] Let \(E(\lambda)=\mathrm{inf}\sigma(H(\lambda))\). Then the following hypothesis is presented. Hypothesis 1. There exists a positive constant \(\lambda_0\) such that for all \(\lambda\in [0,\lambda_0]\), the number \(E(\lambda)\) is a simple eigenvalue of \(H(\lambda)\) with eigenvector \(\psi(\lambda)\in\mathcal{H}\). The authors remark that if \(H_{\mathrm{at}}\) has compact resolvent and the coupling function satisfies a certain estimate (1), then the Hypothesis 1 hold as true [\textit{C. Gérard}, Ann. Henri Poincaré 1, No. 3, 443--459 (2000; Zbl 1004.81012)]. Assuming (1) and denote \(\psi_0=\phi_{\mathrm{at}}\otimes\Omega\), \(\Omega\) is the vacuum vector of \(\mathcal{F}\), the following theorems are proved. Theorem 1. There exists a unique sequence \((E_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\) in \(\mathbb{R}\) such that \[ E_0=E_{\mathrm{at}}, \;E_1=\langle\psi_0, V\psi_0\rangle, \;E_n=\lim_{\eta\downarrow 0}E_n(\eta), \] where the explicit form of \(E_n(\eta)\) is given as (2.8), and its limit exists as a finite number. Theorem 2. If hypothesis 1 holds true, then the sequence \((E_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\) yields an asymptotic expansion of the ground state energy, i.e., \[ \lim_{\lambda\downarrow 0}\lambda^{-n}(E(\lambda)-\sum_{k=0}^n E_k \lambda^k)=0. \] In \S3, for a wider class of operators than \(H(\lambda)\) (cf. Hypothesis 2), conditions for the ground state energy to have an asymptotic expansion up to order \(n\) are given adopting both expansion method and resolvent method. Theorem 1 is proved in \S4, giving an alternative description of (2.8) in terms of expectation values of of operator valued functions \(T_n\) (Lemma 6. cf.(4.3)). Using generalized Wick's theorem, \(T_n\) is expressed as a sum of contracted operator product (Lemma 9). From this, \(T_n\) is shown equal to an expression involving so-called linked Feynman graphs \(C_n\) plus a sum of products so-called renormalized linked Feynman graphs \(\hat{C}_m=C_m-\mathcal{E}_m, m<n\), with the resolvents in between (Proposition 1). Then using algebraic identities, \(T_n\) is rewritten in terms of singular part of resolvent (Proposition 2), and \(\hat{C}_m\) is shown to cancel the singularities of the resolvent. Theorem 1 is proved after these discussions. As a bonus, an expression of \(E_n\) solely in terms of linked pair partitions is obtained (Corollary 1). In \S5, adopting same discussions as in \S3, the existence of the limit of the sequence \(\{\psi_m\}\), where \(\psi_m\) is closely related to the expression of \(E_m(\eta)\), is shown (Theorem 3). It shows the existence of the expansion coefficients of the ground state. Then showing the ground state and ground state energy are continuous functions of the coupling constant (verifying Hypothesis 2), Theorem 2 is proved adopting results in \S3, in \S6.