A Horrocks' theorem for reflexive sheaves (Q1703085)

There are well known theorems about vector bundles with simplest cohomology on projective spaces, beginning with the theorem of Horrocks that a vector bundle on \(\mathbb{P}^n\) with zero intermediate cohomology is a direct sum of line bundles. In this paper one studies (proper, i.e. not vector bundles) reflexive sheaves \(\mathcal F\) which have the simplest cohomology, in other words those for which there are integers \(m, k\) (\(m\) positive ) such that \(\mathrm{H}^i_\ast (\mathcal{F})=0\) for \(i\in [1,n-2]\), \(h^{n-1}(\mathcal{F}(t))=0 \) for \(t > k\) and \(h^{n-1}(\mathcal{F}(t))=m\) for \(t \le k\); in this case \(\mathcal{F}\) is called {\em \(m\)-tail reflexive sheaf}. One may suppose \(k=-n-1\) by twisting with a convenient line bundle, in which case the \(m\)-tail reflexive sheaf is called normalized. One shows that a \(m\)-tail reflexive sheaf is free outside a \(0\)-dimensional locus of length \(m\). One shows that a \(m\)-tail reflexive sheaf has rank at least \(m(n-1)\); those of this rank are called {\em minimal \(m\)-tail reflexive sheaves}. The key result of the paper is Theorem 3.9. which asserts that if \(\mathcal{S}_m\) is a normalized ``minimal \(m\)-tail reflexive sheaf with \(s\) different singular points \(p_1, \ldots , p_s\), then \(\mathcal{S}_m=\oplus _{i=1}^s \mathcal{S}_{n_i}\) where \(\mathcal{S}_{n_i}\) is a minimal \(n_i\)-tail reflexive sheaf with a unique singular point \(p_i\). Moreover, \(m=n_1+ \cdots +n_s \). The classification of minimal \(m\)-tail reflexive sheaves with one singular point is related to the study of the structure of one fat point in \(\mathbb{P}^n\). Many examples are given.