Invariant differential operators in positive characteristic (Q1703095)

In his 1928 ICM address [Atti Congresso Bologna 1, 181--189 (1929; JFM 55.1026.05)] \textxit{O. Veblen} asked to classify the invariant differential operators between tensor fields over a real manifold. This problem was solved for unary operators by Rudakov and for binary operators by Grozman. In dimension one Grozman discovered an indecomposable self-dual operator of order three that has no analogue in higher dimensions. In the paper under review the authors classify the binary invariant differential operators in dimension one over a field of prime characteristic. Many of these binary operators are constructed from the known unary operators but (up to dualization) there are two indecomposable operators: one is an analogue of the Grozman operator and another one has no analogue in characteristic zero.