Simultaneous computation of Hecke operators (Q1703235)

The paper under review is concerned with the simultaneous computation of Hecke operators acting on (different spaces of) so-called algebraic modular forms. The discussed method is significantly faster than the usual approach via the action of the spherical Hecke algebra. Let \(G\) be a connected, reductive linear algebraic group over a totally real number field \(k\) such that \(G(k_\infty)\) is compact. Moreover, let \(K\) be a open compact subgroup of \(G(\mathbb{A}_f)\) (\(\mathbb{A}_f\) the finite adèles of \(k\)) and \(V\) a representation space of an irreducible representation of \(G\) over \(k\). Then the space of algebraic modular forms of level \(K\) and weight \(V\) is given by \[ M(V,K)=\left\{f:G(\mathbb{A}_f)\rightarrow V\mid \substack{f(g \gamma \kappa)=gf(\gamma) \text{ for } \gamma \in G(\mathbb{A}_f)(\hat{k}),\\~g \in G(\mathbb{A}_f)(k),\kappa \in K }\right\} \] These modular forms can be seen as a special cases of the more general automorphic forms of weight \(V\) (see, e.g., [\textit{D. Loeffler}, ``Computing with algebraic autormorphic forms'', Course notes, \url{https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/people/staff/david_loeffler/research/heidelberglectures.pdf}]) and are more easily to compute. Gross (see [\textit{B. H. Gross}, Isr. J. Math. 113, 61--93 (1999; Zbl 0965.11020)]) developed the theory of algebraic modular forms, in particular their Hecke theory, with the ultimate goal to investigate a conjecture relating a simple Hecke submodule of \(M(V,K)\) and a representation of the absolute Galois group of \(\mathbb{Q}\). The usual spherical Hecke algebra \(H_K\) acts on the space of algebraic modular forms. To compute the action of \(H_K\) on \(M(V,K)\), the author introduces intertwining operators \(T(K_1,K_2): M(V, K_1)\rightarrow M(V,K_2)\) and \(T(K_2,K_1): M(V,K_2)\rightarrow M(V,K_1)\) associated to compact open subgroups \(K_1, K_2\) of \(G(\mathbb{A}_f)\), where \(T(K_1,K_2)\) can be obtained from \(T(K_2,K_1)\) and vice versa. To define \(T(K_1,K_2)\), let \[ K_2 = \bigcup_{i\in I}m_i(K_1\cap K_2) = \bigcup_{i\in I}(K_1\cap K_2)m_i^{-1} \] (note that this union is finite as \(K_1\cap K_2\) has finite index in \(K_1\) and \(K_2\)). Then \[ T(K_1,K_2): M(V,K_1)\rightarrow M(V,K_2), \quad f\mapsto f',\; f'(\gamma)=\sum_{i\in I}f(\gamma m_i) \text{ for all } \gamma \in G(\mathbb{A}_f). \] By means of the decomposition \[ K_1 = \bigcup_{j\in J}l_j(K_1\cap K_2) = \bigcup_{j\in J}(K_1\cap K_2)l_j^{-1}, \] the operator \(T(K_2,K_1)\) is given accordingly. Let \(1_A\) be the characteristic function of the set \(A\). By a direct computation one finds that the element \[ \nu_{1,2} = \sum_{i\in I, j\in J}1_{l_jm_iK_1}\in H_{K_1} \] acts on \(f\in M(V,K_1)\) by \(T(K_2,K_1)T(K_1,K_2)\). It is called Eichler element of \(H_{K_1}\) with respect to \(K_2\). Thus, in order to compute the action of \(\nu_{1,2}\), it ultimately suffices to compute the intertwining operator \(T(K_2,K_1)\). The author then introduces a local sub-algebra of \(H_{K}\) at a prime \(\mathfrak{p}\) (Eichler algebra). It is generated by elements of type \(\nu_{1,2}\) attached to the group \(K\) and open compact subgroups \(K'\) of \(G(\mathbb{A}_f)\), which differ only at a single prime from \(K\) (see Sect. 4.3 for the complete details). In Theorem 4.9 he determines the Eichler algebra for several connected reductive linear algebraic groups. In particular, it turns out that if the group is of type \(C_n\), the Eichler algebra coincides with the whole Hecke algebra \(H_K\). In the last chapter of the paper, computational results are presented. In particular, Hecke operators for algebraic modular forms on symplectic groups and their eigenvalues are computed. Finally, the running time of the standard approach for computing Hecke operators is compared with the method based on intertwining operators. The table on p. 596 suggests that the latter approach is much more efficient.