Monotone, free, and Boolean cumulants: a shuffle algebra approach (Q1705457)

In Voiculescu's theory of free probability, free cumulants encode the notion of free independence; they are related to moments through the combinatorics of noncrossing partitions. This paper introduces a combinatorial Hopf algebraic approach of these objects and relations in Rota's manner: The double tensor algebra \(T(T(A))\) is made of a Hopf algebra with a coproduct based on extractions of subwords, and it is proved that it inherits the richer structure of a half-shuffle (or dendriform) coalgebra. This induces three bijections between the Lie algebra of infinitesimal character of \(T(T(A))\) and its group of character: the first one, the classical exponential, gives the relations between moments and multivariate free monotone moments; the two other ones, called the two half-shuffle exponentials, gives the relations between moments and free and boolean cumulants respectively. The last section of the paper deals with general results and half-shuffle algebras, where the pre-Lie Magnus expansion is used. When these results are specialized to \(T(T(A))\), formulas relating the different families of cumulants are proved, where the pre-Lie product induced by the half-shuffle products plays a prominent role.