Fractional derivatives of composite functions and the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear half wave equation (Q1725966)

There are many important mathematical problems arising from the analysis of Cauchy problem in the theory of differential equations such as the Cauchy problem (CP) for the nonlinear wave equation of the first order where the authors of this research paper paid a special attention to the importance of this problem in reference to many existing research studies done so far on the analysis of this equation with power-type nonlinear terms (see [\textit{K. Fujiwara} et al., ``On global well-posedness for nonlinear semirelativistic equations in some scaling subcritical and critical cases'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:611.09674}; \textit{J. Bellazzini} et al., Math. Ann. 371, No. 1--2, 707--740 (2018); \textit{V. D. Dinh}, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 28, No. 3, 1127--1143 (2018); \textit{A. Choffrut} and \textit{O. Pocovnicu}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2018, No. 3, 699--738 (2018; Zbl 1406.35461)]). The authors of this research paper present novel propositions and proofs of the well-posedness of the CP of the half wave equation by discussing two modified methods based on the contraction-mapping argument and fractional chain rule by considering the non-algebraic case for remark 1.1 in the paper. On one hand, the first method is based on the \(L^{q}_{t}L^{\infty}_{x}\) Strichartz-type space-time estimate with fractional chain rule of Ginibre-Ozawa-Velo type. On the other hand, the second method is based on weighted space-time \(L^{2}\) estimates of local energy Morawetz type for non-homogenous differential equation. In addition, Given \(p\) is a \(H^{1/2}\) subcritical such that \(1 < p < 1+{2}/{(n-1)}\), the proof of the local well-posedness in \(H^{({1}/{2)})+\varepsilon}_{\mathrm{rad}} (\Re ^{n})\) has been successfully discussed in this paper using the second method as authors pointed out about implementing modifications and on regularity and radial symmetry of the data. In conclusion, all those new results are essential to understanding both linear and nonlinear wave equations, and the relation between the half wave problems and nonlinear wave equations have been discussed in the last section of the paper where lower bound is optimal and as authors mentioned that further investigation can be done for the critical case as well.