Analytic Hadamard states, Calderón projectors and Wick rotation near analytic Cauchy surfaces (Q1733811)

In this paper, the authors prove the existence of analytic Hadamard states in Klein-Gordon quantum field theory defined over a real-analytic globally hyperbolic space-time with real-analytic Cauchy surfaces. Due to the expected general covariance of quantum field theories over curved space-times, a both physically and mathematically-technically satisfactory definition of ``physically relevant'' quantum states in these theories is a difficult problem. Beyond the ground (vacuum) state and KMS (equilibrium) states the most promissing candidate is the so-called \textit{Hadamard state}: A quasi-free state fully determined by the $2$-point functions of its underlying quantum field such that the singularities of these $2$-point functions lie on future light cones. This latter property is rigourously captured by specifying the $C^\infty$ wave front set of the $2$-point function (considered as a distribution over space-time). If the condition on the $C^\infty$ wave front is replaced by that on the analytic wave front set (of the distribution) then one obtains the concept of an \textit{analytic Hadamard state}. The existence of analytic Hadamard states in a quantum field theory over a curved space-time has remarkable properties: For instance it implies the \textit{Reeh-Schlieder property} which says that the image of the vacuum vector under the operator algebra is dense in the Hilbert space (or physically speaking all states in the theory can be approximated by the excitations of the vacuum only). So-far, only the ground state and the KMS states over real-analytic stationary space-times possessing a real-analytic Killing field have been known to be analytic Hadamard states. The authors' main result is the following: Let $(M,g)$ be a real-analytic globally hyperbolic space-time with a real-analytic Cauchy surface. Consider the Klein-Gordon differential operator $P=-\square_g+V$ with real-analytic potential $V:M\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. Then there exists a pure analytic Hadamard state for $P$ in the corresponding Klein-Gordon quantum field theory over $(M,g)$ (see Theorem 1.1). The remarkable point is that no space-time symmetry on $(M,g)$ is assumed.