A direct construction of a slow manifold for a semilinear wave equation of Klein-Gordon type (Q1737526)

The authors study the semilinear wave equation \[ \varepsilon \partial_t^2 u - i \partial_t u-\Delta u=g(u), \] where $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter, $u=u(x,t)$, $x\in\mathbb{T}$, $g$ is a Fréchet differentiable function belonging to $H^s(\mathbb{T})$ for some $s\in\mathbb{R}$. This equation can be rewritten as a first order system \[ \partial_t u=v,\qquad \varepsilon \partial_t v=i v +\Delta u+g(u).\tag{2} \] Consider the ansatz \[ F_{slow}^N(u)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{N}\varepsilon^k f_k(u), \] where the coefficients $f_k$ are some vector fields. \par Define also the operator \[ L_-=i \frac{1-\sqrt{1-4\varepsilon\Delta}}{2\varepsilon} \] and consider the equation \[ \partial_t U=L_- U + F_{slow}^N(U).\tag{4} \] The main result is formulated in the paper as follows: ``Suppose $g$ is sufficiently smooth and complex Fréchet-differentiable. Let $u_0\in H^s (\mathbb{T})$ for $s$ sufficiently large but otherwise fixed. Then for every $N$ there exists a slow vector field $F_{slow}^N$ such that, when $U$ solves the slow equation (4) and $u$ solves the full system (2) consistently initialized with $v(0) = L_- u_0 + F_{slow}^N(u_0)$, then there is a time $T>0$ which only depends on the time of existence of the slow equation such that the full solution $u$ exists on the same interval of time, and there is a constant $C>0$ such that \[ \sup\limits_{0\leqslant t\leqslant T} \|u(t)-U(t)\|_s \leqslant C\varepsilon^{N+1}. \] as $\varepsilon\to 0$.''