Galoisian and qualitative approaches to linear Polyanin-Zaitsev vector fields (Q1738238)

In the paper the authors consider problems related with the Liénard equation \[ yy'=(a(2m+k)x^{m+k-1}+b(2m-k)x^{m-k-1})y-(a^{2}mx^{4k}+cx^{2k}+b^{2}m)x^{2m-2k-1} \tag{1} \] and the Polyanin-Zaitsev vector field associated with it and presented by the system \[ \dot{x}=y, \quad \dot{y}=(a(2m+k)x^{m+k-1}+b(2m-k)x^{m-k-1})y-(a^{2}mx^{4k}+cx^{2k}+b^{2}m)x^{2m-2k-1} \tag{2} \] The authors show that there are 12 different sets of parameters for which the system (2) is linear and has constant coefficients. Since for systems with constant coefficients it is possible to write a solution in an explicit form, it is much simpler to study the behavior of such systems. The authors showed how this is done using modern methods in the case of system \[ \dot{x}=y, \quad \dot{y}=2(a+b)y-(a+c+b)x \quad\text{with critical point} (0, 0). \] Remark. The authors claim that there is a typo in the writing of equation (1) in the reference book [\textit{A. D. Polyanin} and \textit{V. F. Zaitsev}, Handbook of exact solutions for ordinary differential equations. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (2003; Zbl 1015.34001)]. It has the form according to the present paper (p. 1222) \[ yy'=(a(2m+k)x^{2k}+b(2m-k))x^{m-k-1})y-(a^{2}mx^{4k}+cx^{2k}+b^{2}m)x^{2m-2k-1}. \tag{1*} \] In another paper [\textit{P. B. Acosta-Humánez} et al., Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 35, No. 5, 1767--1800 (2015; Zbl 1358.12002)] (p. 1769) this typo is presented as follows \[ yy'=(a(2m+k)x^{2k}+b(2m-k)x^{m-k-1})y-(a^{2}mx^{4k}+cx^{2k}+b^{2}m)x^{2m-2k-1} \tag{1**} \] But in all electronic copies of the reference book (PZ) available for the reviewer the equation (1) is written correctly and has the form (see Exercise 11, section 1.3.3) \[ yy'=[a(2m+k)x^{2k}+b(2m-k)]x^{m-k-1}y-(a^{2}mx^{4k}+cx^{2k}+b^{2}m)x^{2m-2k-1}. \tag{1***}\]