Galoisian approach to integrability of Schrödinger equation (Q658622)

Let \(\mathbb C\) be a field of complex numbers and \(F={\mathbb C}(z)\). In the paper the differential equation \[ y'' +qy= \lambda y, \] where \(q \in F, \lambda \in \mathbb C\), is considered in the context of quantum mechanics. In this situation the values of the parameter \(\lambda\) at which the Galois group of the equation is distinct from \(\text{SL}(2)\) have a certain physical sense. Applying Kovacic's algorithm the authors show how to find such values of \(\lambda\) and solutions of the Schrödinger equation corresponding to them. If \(F\neq {\mathbb C}(z)\) (for example, \(F = {\mathbb C}(\rho (z),\rho '(z))\) or \(F = {\mathbb C}(e^{2\pi iz/p})\)), then a standard algebraization (\(F \to {\mathbb C}(z)\)) is offered. Also in the paper a Galoisian approach to the Darboux transformation, the Crum iteration and shape invariant potentials is presented.