Nef cone volumes and discriminants of abelian surfaces (Q1743019)

Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective surface and let \(H\) be an ample line bundle on \(X\). We denote by \(NS_{\mathbb{R}}(X)\) the Néron-Severi real vector space. Firstly, we define \[ H^{\leq 1}= \{L \in NS_{\mathbb{R}}(X) : H.L \leq 1\}. \] For a cone \(\mathcal{C} \subset NS_{\mathbb{R}}(X)\) we define its cone volume with respect to \(H\) as the volume of the truncated cone \(\mathcal{C} \cap H^{\leq 1}\), and this value is denoted by \(\text{Vol}(\mathcal{C}, H) = \text{Vol}(\mathcal{C} \cap H^{\leq 1}).\) It is worth to emphasize that this volume is taken after identifying the Néron-Severi real vector space with \(\mathbb{R}^{\rho(X)}\) by means of an isomorphism induced by a lattice basis. The quantity is then independent of the choice of the lattice basis. The main aim of the authors is to find the nef cone volume for simple principally polarized abelian surfaces and products of elliptic curves. Theorem A. Let \(X\) be a complex simple abelian surface which admits a principal polarization, and let \(H\) be any ample line bundle on \(X\) (not necessarily a multiple of the principal polarization). Then the nef cone volume \(X\) with respect to \(H\) can be determined in terms of \(\text{End}(X)\). More precisely: {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[i)] Suppose that \(X\) has only integer multiplication, i.e., \(\text{End}(X) = \mathbb{Z}\). Then \[ \text{Vol}(\text{Nef}(X),H) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2H^{2}}}. \] \item[ii)] Suppose that \(X\) has real multiplication, i.e., \(\text{End}_{\mathbb{Q}}(X) = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})\) for some square free \(d \geq 2\), and let \(f \geq 1\) be the conductor of \(\text{End}(X)\) in \(\text{End}_{\mathbb{Q}}(X)\). Then \(\text{Vol}(\text{Nef}(X),H)\) is equal to either \[ \frac{1}{2f\sqrt{d}H^{2}} \text{ if } d \equiv 2,3 \pmod{4} \] or \[ \frac{1}{f\sqrt{d}H^{2}} \text{ if }d \equiv 1 \pmod{4}. \] The same formulae applies when \(X\) has complex multiplication: in that case \(d\) and \(f\) are to be taken from the order \(\text{End}^{\mathrm{sym}}(X)\) in the real-quadratic subfield \(\text{End}^{\mathrm{sym}}_{\mathbb{Q}}(X) \subset \text{End}_{\mathbb{Q}}(X)\). \item[iii)] Suppose that \(X\) has indefinite quaternion multiplication, and write \(\text{End}_{\mathbb{Q}}(X) = \mathbb{Q} + \mathbb{Q} i + \mathbb{Q} j + \mathbb{Q} ij\), and \(\text{End}(X) = \mathbb{Z} + \mathbb{Z}a + \mathbb{Z}b + \mathbb{Z}ab\) with suitable primitive Rosati invariant elements. Then \[ \text{Vol}(\text{Nef}(X),H) = \frac{\pi \sqrt{2}}{3 \sqrt{ | \det S_{\delta}(a,b)|}(H^{2})^{\frac{3}{2}}}, \] where \(S_{\delta}(a,b)\) is a \(2 \times 2\) matrix constructred with use of the quaternion discriminant form. \end{itemize}} Theorem B. Let \(X = E_{1} \times E_{2}\) be a product of two elliptic curves over the complex numbers, and let \(H\) be any ample line bundle on \(X\). {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[i)] If \(E_{1}\) and \(E_{2}\) are not isogenous, then \(\text{Vol}(\text{Nef}(X),H) = \frac{1}{H^{2}}\). \item[ii)] Suppose that \(E_{1}\) and \(E_{2}\) are isogenous and have no complex multiplication, i.e., \(\text{End}(E_{1}) = \text{End}(E_{2}) = \mathbb{Z}\). If \(\sigma : E_{1} \rightarrow E_{2}\) is an isogeny of minimal degree, then \[ \text{Vol}(\text{Nef}(X),H) = \frac{\pi}{3 \sqrt{2 \deg (\sigma)} (H^{2})^{\frac{3}{2}}}. \] \item[iii)] Suppose that \(E_{1}\) and \(E_{2}\) are isogenous and have complex multiplication. Write \(\text{End}_{\mathbb{Q}}(E_{i}) = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})\) with a square-free integer \(d < 0\), and let \(f_{1}\), \(f_{2}\) be the corresponding conductors. Then \(\text{Vol}(\text{Nef}(X),H)\) is equal to either \[ \frac{\pi}{6 \cdot \text{LCM}(f_{1},f_{2})\sqrt{|d|}(H^{2})^{2}} \text{ if } d \equiv 2,3 \pmod{4} \] or \[ \frac{\pi}{3 \cdot \text{LCM}(f_{1},f_{2})\sqrt{|d|}(H^{2})^{2}} \text{ if } d \equiv 1 \pmod{4}. \] \end{itemize}}