One-dimensional super-fast diffusion: persistence versus extinction revisited -- extinction at spatial infinity (Q1743990)

In this interesting paper, the author considers positive classical solutions of porous medium equations in the super-fast diffusion range \(m<-1\). Choosing an initial datum \(v_0=v(\cdot,0)\) which decays as \( \rightarrow +\infty\) and possibly unbounded as \( \rightarrow -\infty\), it is firstly proved that, if \(v_0\) decays sufficiently fast only in one direction, then the solution vanishes identically for any positive time. It is proved that this condition for instantaneous extinction is optimal. Note that, quite surprisingly, to have instantaneous extinction it is not necessary assume any condition on the growth of the initial datum in the other direction. Next, the author gives examples of monotone initial data, with critical decay as \(x \rightarrow +\infty\) and exponential growth as \(x \rightarrow -\infty\), that have solutions which become extinct at a finite positive time, but which have empty extinction sets. Also this result is very surprising because it is in sharp contrast to known extinction mechanisms where the corresponding extinction sets coincide with the whole \(\mathbb R\).