On the Gevrey regularity for sums of squares of vector fields, study of some models (Q1746182)

The author studies Gevrey hypoellipticity for some classes of operators that are sums of squares of real vector fields defined on an open neighborhood of the origin in \({\mathbb R}^4\). One of these classes is given by operators of the form \(P_1(x,D)=\sum_{j=1}^5X_j^2\) with \(X_1=D_1\), \(X_2=x_1^{p-1}D_2\), \(X_3=x_1^{q-1}D_3\), \(X_4=x_1^{r-1}x_2^kD_4\), and \(X_5=x_1^{r+\ell-1}D_4\), where the positive integers \(p, q, r, k,\) and \(\ell\) satisfy \( p < q < r \) and \(pk<\ell\). The author proves that \(P_1(x,D)\) is \(G^s\)-hypoelliptic where \(s\) is the maximum between \((r+\ell)/q\) and \(r/p.\) The proof is based, among other things, on the following sub-elliptic estimate \[ ||u||^2_{\frac{1}{r+kp}}+\sum_{j=1}^5||X_ju||_0^2\leq C\left(|\langle P_1u,u\rangle|+||u||^2_0\right). \]