Diophantine approximation on matrices and Lie groups (Q1746608)

One can begin with the abstract of the authors: ``We study the general problem of extremality for metric Diophantine approximation on submanifolds of matrices.We formulate a criterion for extremality in terms of a certain family of algebraic obstructions and show that it is sharp. In general the almost sure Diophantine exponent of a submanifold is shown to depend only on its Zariski closure, and when the latter is defined over \(\mathbb Q\), we prove that the exponent is rational and give a method to effectively compute it. This method is applied to a number of cases of interest. In particular we prove that the Diophantine exponent of rational nilpotent Lie groups exists and is a rational number, which we determine explicitly in terms of representation theoretic data''. The authors declare the following goals of this paper: -- ``to answer a question of \textit{V. Beresnevich} et al., [J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 27, No. 1, 1--31 (2015; Zbl 1375.11053)] asking for the right criterion for a submanifold of matrices to be extremal''. The relevance of this problem is justified in terms of the authors' scientific research. -- to derive consequences for nilpotent Lie groups. The main results presented in this paper can be divided into two groups. The first group contains the following three results: a result on the Diophantine exponent for rational manifolds (the list of problems that are answered by this result is given); a result such that deals with the inheritance from Plücker closure; a result on bounds for the Diophantine exponent. The second group of the main results is results regarding Diophantine approximation on nilpotent Lie groups. That is, a theorem on existence of the exponent and ``zero-one law'' (zero-one law implies this theorem), a theorem on rationality and stability of the exponent are proved. Also, the existence of a critical exponent for any simply connected nilpotent real Lie group (not necessarily defined over \(\mathbb Q\)) is shown. A computation of this exponent under the group is defined over the rationals, is explained and rationality conjecture is formulated. In addition, an explicit computation of the critical exponent of the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group is presented, a theorem on critical exponent for the Heisenberg group is proved. Let us note that the essence and applications of methods used in the present article are explained. Finally, the Kleinbock-Margulis method and the Dani correspondence, which allows to reformulate the Diophantine approximation problem in terms of orbits in the space of lattices, are considered. Auxiliary theorems are proved, notions, and examples are considered. Also, auxiliary surveys on results related to the topic of this paper and evaluation of these results are given. The authors present some open problems.