An `almost all versus no' dichotomy in homogeneous dynamics and Diophantine approximation (Q605075)

Let \(M_{m,n}\) be the space of \(m\times n\) matrices with real entries. Let \(k= m+ n\), \(G= \text{SL}_k(\mathbb R)\), \(\Gamma= \text{SL}_k(\mathbb Z)\) and \(\Omega= G/\Gamma\). Let \({\mathcal A}\) denote the set of \(t=(t_1,\dots, t_k)\in\mathbb R^k\) such that \(t_1,\dots, t_k> 0\) and \(\sum^m_{i=1} t_i= \sum^n_{j=1} t_{m+j}\). Let \({\mathcal T}\) be an unbounded subset of \({\mathcal A}\) and \(\Lambda\in\Omega\). For \(t\in{\mathcal A}\) write \(g_t= \text{diag}(e^{t_1},\dots, e^{t_m}, e^{-t_{m+1}},\dots, e^{-t_k})\in G\) and \(g_{{\mathcal T}}= (g_t: t\in{\mathcal T})\). Let \({\mathcal M}\) be a connected analytic submanifold of \(M_{m,n}\) and \(\gamma_{{\mathcal T}}(\Lambda)\) be the growth exponent of \(\Lambda\) with respect to \({\mathcal T}\). Let \(u_\gamma= \begin{pmatrix} I_m & Y\\ 0 & I_n\end{pmatrix}\), where \(I_l\) stands for \(l\times l\) identity matrix. Then the main result of this paper is as follows: Let \(\beta\geq 0\) and \(Y_0\in{\mathcal M}\) be such that \(\gamma_{{\mathcal T}}(u_{Y_0}\Lambda)\leq\beta\), then \(\gamma_{{\mathcal T}}(u_\gamma\Lambda)\leq \beta\) for almost all \(Y\in{\mathcal M}\). Let \(\psi:{\mathcal T}\to\mathbb R_+\) be bounded and suppose that \(\exists Y_0\in{\mathcal M}\) such that the trajectory \(g_{{\mathcal T}}u_{Y_0}\Lambda\) does not diverge faster than \(\psi\), then \(g_{{\mathcal T}} u_\gamma\Lambda\) does not diverge faster than \(\psi\) for almost every \(Y\in{\mathcal M}\). This result is proved using quantitative non divergence estimates. Then using correspondence between Diophantine approximation and dynamics the above result provides a special case that if \({\mathcal M}\) contains \(Y_0\) which is not very well approximable than almost all \(Y\in{\mathcal M}\) are not very well approximable and if \(\exists Y_0\in{\mathcal M}\) which is not \(\varphi\)-singular then \(Y\) is not \(\varphi\)-singular for almost all \(Y\in{\mathcal M}\), where \(\varphi: N\to\mathbb R_+\) is a nonincreasing continuous function. Some other Diophantine applications including a solution to a matrix analogue of Mahler's conjecture are also presented in this paper. In the end some conjectures and open questions are given. It is also remarked that the methods employed in this paper are applicable to objects some what more general than analytic submanifolds of \(M_{m,n}\).