Reconstructing toric quiver flag varieties from a tilting bundle (Q1746628)

To a quiver, \textit{H. Nakajima} [in: Representation theory of algebras and related topics. Proceedings of the workshop, Mexico City, Mexico, August 16--20, 1994. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. 139--157 (1996; Zbl 0870.16008)] introduced certain associated framed moduli spaces. The first author of this article proved that these framed moduli spaces, called quiver flag varieties, has a tilting bundle. This was done by generalizing Beilinson and Kapranov's construction. In this article, the construction is prolonged to the toric case by showing that every toric quiver flag variety can be reconstructed as a fine moduli space of cyclic modules over the endomorphism algebra of the tilting bundle. The authors recall the constrictions and basic geometric principles of quiver flag varieties, i.e., framed quiver moduli, as developed by Nakajima, Reineke and the first author [Duke Math. J. 156, No. 3, 469--500 (2011; Zbl 1213.14026)]. Let \(\Bbbk\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(0\), \(Q\) a connected, acyclic quiver with a unique source and \(l+1\) vertices in \(Q_1\). Fix a dimension vector \(\underline r=(r_i)\in\mathbb N^{l+1}\) with \(r_0=1\). The group \(G=\prod_{i=0}^l\operatorname{GL}(r_i)\) acts by conjugation on \(\operatorname{Rep}(Q,\underline r)=\bigoplus_{a\in Q_1}\operatorname{Hom}(\Bbbk^{r_{t(a)}},\Bbbk^{r_{h(a)}})\), and the \textit{quiver flag variety} associated to the pair \((Q,r)\) is defined as the GIT quotient \(Y:=\text{Rep}(Q,\underline r)\slash_\chi G\) for the linearization \(\chi=(-\sum_{i=1}^l r_i,1,\dots,1)\in G^\vee\). The quotient is non-empty iff \(r_i\leq s_i:=\underset{h(a)=i}{a\in Q_1}\sum r_{t(a)}\) holds for \(i>0\), for which \(Y\) is a smooth Mori Dream space of dimension \(\sum_{i=1}^l r_i(s_i-r_i).\) It can be obtained from a tower of Grassmann bundles \(Y:=Y_l\rightarrow Y_{l-1}\rightarrow\cdots\rightarrow Y_1\rightarrow Y_0=\text{Spec}\Bbbk\), where \(Y_i\) is isomorphic to the Grassmannian of rank \(r_i\) quotients of a fixed locally free sheaf of rank \(s_i\) on \(Y_{i-1}.\) Quiver varieties come with a collection of vector bundles \( \mathcal W_1,\dots,\mathcal W_l\) defining algebraic invariants. For \(i>0\) the Grassmann bundle \(Y_i\) over \(Y_{i-1}\) gives the tautological quotient bundle of rank \(r_i\) on \(Y\) obtained as the pullback under the morphism \(\pi_i:Y\rightarrow Y_i\) in the tower. The invertible sheaves \(\det(\mathcal W_i),\dots,\det(\mathcal W_l)\) give an integral basis for the Picard group of \(Y\). Then the results of Beilinson and Kapranov generalizes as follows: When \(\text{Young}(k,l)\) denotes the set of Young diagrams with no more that \(k\) columns and \(l\) rows, for each \(\lambda\in\text{Young}(k,l)\) and for any vector bundle \(\mathcal W\) of rank \(r\), there is obtained a vector bundle \(\mathbb S^\lambda\mathcal W\) whose fibre over each point is the irreducible \(\text{GL}(r)\)-module of highest weight \(\lambda\). The first author [loc. cit.] proved that the vector bundle on \(Y\) given as \[ E=\underset{\lambda_i\in\text{Young}(s_i-r_i,r_i)}{1\leq i\leq l}\sum\mathbb S^{\lambda_1}\mathcal W_1\otimes\cdots\otimes\mathbb S^{\lambda_l}\mathcal W_l \] is a tilting bundle on \(Y\). This says that the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on \(Y\) is equivalent to the bounded derived category of finite-dimensional modules over \(A=\text{End}_{\mathcal O_Y}(E)\). With this thoroughly explained, the authors are able to describe their main result. \textit{A. Bergman} and \textit{N. J. Proudfoot} [Pac. J. Math. 237, No. 2, 201--221 (2008; Zbl 1151.18011)] compared a smooth projective variety with a tilting bundle to a fine moduli space of modules over the endomorphism algebra. The moduli space for the modules over the tilting algebra \(E\) above is given by listing the indecomposable summands as \(E_0,E_1,\dots,E_n\) with \(E_0\cong\mathcal O_Y\), and considering the dimension vector \(\mathbf{v}=(v_j)\in\mathbb N^{n+1}\) satisfying \(v_j=\text{rk}(E_j)\) for all \(0\leq j\leq n\). Then for a special choice of \(0\)-generated stability condition \(\theta\), the fine moduli space \(\mathcal M(A,\mathbf{v},\theta)\) of isomorphism classes of \(\theta\)-stable modules with dimension vector \(\mathbf{v}\) was constructed by \textit{A. D. King} [Q. J. Math., Oxf. II. Ser. 45, No. 180, 515--530 (1994; Zbl 0837.16005)] using GIT. Because each bundle \(E_j\) is globally generated, the first author proves that there is a universal morphism \(f_E:Y\rightarrow\mathcal M(A,\mathbf{v},\theta)\) which in the present case is a closed immersion. The work of Bergman and Proudfoot [loc. cit.] proves that \(f_E\) identifies \(Y\) with a connected component of \(\mathcal M(A,\mathbf{v},\theta)\) because \(Y\) is smooth, \(E\) is a tilting bundle, and then finally because the stability condition \(\theta\) is great. This article considers the particular case where \(r_i=1\) for all \(1\leq i\leq l\). Then \(G\) is an algebraic torus and \(Y\) a toric variety: A \textit{toric quiver flag variety}. The toric fan \(\Sigma\) is described directly, and \(Y\) is a tower of projective space bundles. The main result of the article is the following very precise result stated verbatim: Theorem. Let \(Y\) be a toric quiver flag variety. The morphism \(f_E:Y\rightarrow\mathcal M(A,\mathbf{v},\theta)\) is an isomorphism. This says that toric quiver flag varieties can be applied to reconstruct varieties from its tilting bundle. The special case when \(Y\) is projective space, recovers Beilinson's result that \(\mathbb P^n\) can be reconstructed from the tilting bundle \(\bigoplus_{0\leq i\leq n}\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^n}(i),\) and the result indicates that toric quiver flag varieties are multigraded analogues of projective space. The article gives an explicit connection between tilting theory and invariant theory. The GIT quotients, i.e., the moduli spaces are explicitly given, and so are the tilting bundles and their bounded derived equivalences. An elegant article proving Beilinson's well-known results in an explicit and understandable way.