On a system of rational Chebyshev-Markov fractions (Q1748017)

The authors study Chebyshev-Markov rational fractions with complex conjugate poles at \(i\, a\) and \(-i\, a\) on the interval \([-1,1]\) defined by \[ M(x)= \cos\left(n\, \arccos\left(\frac{x\sqrt{1+a^2}}{\sqrt{1+a^2x^2}}\right)\right) \] or \[ M_n(x)=\frac{(x\sqrt{1+a^2}+i\sqrt{1-x^2})^n+ (x\sqrt{1+a^2}-\sqrt{1-x^2})^n}{2(\sqrt{1+a^2x^2)^n}}. \] These functions turn out to be orthogonal with respect to the weight \(\frac{\sqrt{1+a^2}}{(1+a^2x^2)\sqrt{1-x^2}}\) on \([-1,1]\) and become the standard Chebyshev polynomials when \(a=0\). The authors derive an integral formula for the partial sum of the Fourier expansion of functions with respect to this orthogonal basis and then study in great detail approximations of the error terms and order of convergence of partial sums of the decomposition of the function \(x\mapsto | x| \).