Well-posedness of a Debye type system endowed with a full wave equation (Q1749461)

The author of this short and at the same time very interesting paper prove well-posedness for a transport-diffusion problem coupled with a wave equation for the potential. It is considered the system \[ (a) \;\;\partial_tu-\triangle u = \mathrm{div}(u\nabla V), \;\;(b) \;\;\partial_{tt}V-\triangle V = u, \] with the initial condition \[ (c) \;\;u(0) = u_0; \;\;(d) \;\;V(0)=V_0, \;\;(e) \;\;V_t(0)=V_1, \] where the initial function \(u_0\in \dot{H}^s\), \((\nabla V_0,V_1)\in \dot{H}^s\times \dot{H}^s\), and \(u\in \tilde{L}_T^1(\dot{H}^s)\) given. By \(\dot{H}^s\equiv \dot{H}^s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) is denoted the homogeneous Sobolev space, and \(\tilde{L}_T^1(\dot{H}^s)\) is the Chemin-Lerner space (\(n\geq 2\), \(T>0\), \(s<n/2\)). Here \(s\) is fixed, \(s=n/2-1\). The unique solution of the wave equation \((b)\) under the initial condition \((d),(e)\) is denoted by \(S(u,V_0,V_1)\in C^0(0,T,{\mathcal{S}}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^n))\), where \({\mathcal{S}}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^n)\) is the standard Schwartz space of distributions. It turns out that the above stated system can be interpreted as the problem: \[ (\ast ) \;\;\;\;\partial_tu-\triangle u = \mathrm{div}(u\nabla S(u,V_0,V_1)), \;\;u(0)=u_0. \] The main result is the existence and uniqueness in the case \(n\geq 2\). It is shown that for \(u_0\in \dot{H}^{s-2}\), \((\nabla V_0,V_1)\in \dot{H}^{s} \times \dot{H}^{s}\), and \(\|u_0\|_{\dot{H}^{s-2}}+ \|\nabla V_0\|_{\dot{H}^{s}}+ \| V_1\|_{\dot{H}^{s}}\leq \eta \) there exists exactly one solution \(u\in \tilde{L}_T^1(\dot{H}^s)\) to the problem \((\ast )\) for some \(\eta >0\) and any \(T>0\). If the above stated assumptions are replaced by \(u_0\in \dot{H}^{s-2}\cap \dot{H}^{s}\) and \(\|\nabla V_0\|_{\dot{H}^{s}}+ \| V_1\|_{\dot{H}^{s}}\leq \eta \) small enough, then there exists a unique local in time solution. In the one dimensional case (\(n = 1\)), it is shown well-posedness for arbitrarily large initial data by using Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities.