The space \(JN_{p}\): nontriviality and duality (Q1753336)

The authors study the function space \(JN_p\) based on the condition introduced by \textit{F. John} and \textit{L. Nirenberg} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 14, 415--426 (1961; Zbl 0102.04302)] as a variant of BMO. Given a cube \(Q_0\) and \(1<p<\infty\), a function \(f\in L^1(Q_0)\) is said to belong to \(JN_p\) if \[ \sup \sum_i |Q_i|\Big(\frac{1}{|Q_i|}\int_{Q_i} |f- \frac{1}{|Q_i|}\int_{Q_i} f| \Big)^p<\infty, \] where the supremum is taken over all collections of pairwise disjoint cubes \(Q_i\) of \(Q_0\). It is clear that \(L^p\subseteq JN_p\) and it is known that \(JN_p\subseteq L^{p,\infty}\). In this paper, it is proved that the inclusions are strict. It was known that \(JN_p\subset L^{p,\infty}\) [\textit{D. Aalto} et al., Stud. Math. 204, No. 1, 21--37 (2011; Zbl 1230.43006)], hence the new contribution here is that \(L^p\subset JN_p\). Nevertheless, it is shown that, when restricting to monotone functions, the fact that \(f\in JN_p\) implies that \(f\in L^p\). The paper also contains a ``Hardy-type'' space \(HK_{p'}\), corresponding to the predual of \(JN_p\), and which is defined, roughly speaking, using some analogue of the atomic decomposition, replacing the atoms by more complicated structures, called polymers.