The space JN_p: nontriviality and duality

Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis (42B35) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30)

Abstract: We study a function space

J N_{p}

based on a condition introduced by John and Nirenberg as a variant of BMO. It is known that

L^{p} s u b s e t J N_{p} s u b s e t n e q L^{p, i n f t y}

, but otherwise the structure of

J N_{p}

is largely a mystery. Our first main result is the construction of a function that belongs to

J N_{p}

but not

L^{p}

, showing that the two spaces are not the same. Nevertheless, we prove that for monotone functions, the classes

J N_{p}

and

L^{p}

do coincide. Our second main result describes

J N_{p}

as the dual of a new Hardy kind of space

H K_{p^{'}}

.

Review text

The authors study the function space \(JN_p\) based on the condition introduced by \textit{F. John} and \textit{L. Nirenberg} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 14, 415--426 (1961; Zbl 0102.04302)] as a variant of BMO. Given a cube \(Q_0\) and \(1<p<\infty\), a function \(f\in L^1(Q_0)\) is said to belong to \(JN_p\) if \[ \sup \sum_i |Q_i|\Big(\frac{1}{|Q_i|}\int_{Q_i} |f- \frac{1}{|Q_i|}\int_{Q_i} f| \Big)^p<\infty, \] where the supremum is taken over all collections of pairwise disjoint cubes \(Q_i\) of \(Q_0\). It is clear that \(L^p\subseteq JN_p\) and it is known that \(JN_p\subseteq L^{p,\infty}\). In this paper, it is proved that the inclusions are strict. It was known that \(JN_p\subset L^{p,\infty}\) [\textit{D. Aalto} et al., Stud. Math. 204, No. 1, 21--37 (2011; Zbl 1230.43006)], hence the new contribution here is that \(L^p\subset JN_p\). Nevertheless, it is shown that, when restricting to monotone functions, the fact that \(f\in JN_p\) implies that \(f\in L^p\). The paper also contains a ``Hardy-type space \(HK_{p'}\), corresponding to the predual of \(JN_p\), and which is defined, roughly speaking, using some analogue of the atomic decomposition, replacing the atoms by more complicated structures, called polymers.

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