Rapidly varying solutions of a second-order differential equation with regularly and rapidly varying nonlinearities (Q1755710)

The following differential equation is considered in the article: \[ y''=\sum_{i=1}^{m}\alpha_i p_i(t)\varphi_i(y), \eqno(1) \] where \(\alpha_i\in\{-1;1\} (i=\overline{1,m})\), \(p_i\in C\left([a;+\infty[\right) (i=\overline{1,m}, -\infty<a<\omega\leq +\infty[)\) are continuous functions, \(\varphi_i:\Delta_{Y_0}\longrightarrow ]0,+\infty[\) (\(\Delta_{Y_0}\) is a one-sided neighborhood of \(Y_0\), \(Y_0\) equals to zero or to \(\pm\infty\)) are continuous functions in case \(i=\overline{1,l}\), and in case \(i=\overline{l+1,m}\) they are twice continuously differentiable and satisfy the conditions \[ \lim_{\substack{y\to Y_0 \\ y\in\Delta_{Y_0}}}\frac{\varphi_i(\lambda y)}{\varphi_i(y)}=\lambda^{\sigma_i} \quad (i=\overline{1,l}) \text{ for all } \lambda>0, \eqno(2) \] \[ \varphi'_i(y)\neq0 \quad y \in\Delta_{Y_0}, \quad \lim_{\substack{y \rightarrow Y_0 \\ y\in\Delta_{Y_0}}}\varphi_i(y)\in\{0,+\infty\}, \] \[ \lim_{\substack{y\rightarrow Y_0 \\ y \in \Delta_{Y_0}}}\frac{\varphi_i(y)\varphi_i''(y)}{\left(\varphi_i'(y)\right)^2}=1, \quad (i=\overline{l+1,m}), \eqno(3) \] Conditions (2) entail that the functions \(\varphi_i\) (\(i=\overline{1,l}\)) are regularly varying functions of indices \(\sigma_i\) (\(i=\overline{1,l}\)) as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). From the conditions (3) it follows that the functions \(\varphi_i\) (\(i=\overline{l+1,m}\)) and their derivatives of the first order are rapidly varying functions as \(y \rightarrow Y_0\). Thus, the differential equation that is considered in the article, contains both regularly and rapidly varying nonlinearities. Such differential equation is considered at first. In the literature, there are known results for equations only with regularly, or only with rapidly varying nonlinearity. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a class of \(P_\omega(Y_0,\lambda_0)\)-solutions of the equation (1) in case \(\lambda_0=1\) are established in the article. The solution \(y\) of the equation (1) defined on the interval \([t_0,\omega[\subset[a,\omega[\) is called \(P_{\omega}(Y_0,Y_1,\lambda_0)\)-solution (\(-\infty\leq\lambda_0\leq+\infty\)), if the conditions take place \[ \lim_{t\uparrow\omega}y(t)=Y_0,\quad \lim_{t\uparrow\omega}y'(t)\in\{0;\pm\infty\}, \quad \lim_{t\uparrow\omega}\frac{y^{\prime 2}(t)}{y''(t)y(t)}=\lambda_0.\eqno(4) \] In case \(\lambda_0=1\) such solutions of equation (1) and their derivatives of the first order are rapidly varying functions as \(t \uparrow \omega\). Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of \(P_\omega (Y_0,1)\)-solutions of equation (1) in the case when the main term on the right side of the equation is a term with a regularly varying function are obtained in Section 2. The asymptotic representations of such solutions and their first-order derivatives are obtained explicitly, and the number of such solutions is studied. Section 3 is devoted to the study of the asymptotic properties of \(P_\omega (Y_0,1)\)-solutions of equation (1) in the case when the main term on the right-hand side is a term with rapidly varying nonlinearity. According to the properties of rapidly varying functions, in this case the investigations are more difficult than in the case described in Section 2. Especially, we note the proof of sufficient conditions for the existence of \(P_\omega (Y_0,1)\)-solutions of equation (1) (Theorem 3.2 of Section 3) that covers the difficult case of pure imaginary roots of the limit characteristic equation. Asymptotic representations of \(P_\omega(Y_0,1)\)-solutions and their first-order derivatives are obtained in explicit form, the number of such solutions has been studied. The results presented in the article are very important for the further study of asymptotic representations of solutions of second-order differential equations with nonlinearities of various types.