Topological-frame products of modal logics (Q1756592)

There are many ways to construct a multi-modal logic from given uni-modal logics. For example, in the case of bi-modal logic for the sake of simplicity, the fusion of two (propositional normal) uni-modal logics is defined as the least (normal) bi-modal logic such that each uni-modal fragment includes the corresponding given uni-modal logic respectively. On the other hand, \textit{V. B. Shehtman} [Mat. Zametki 23, 759--772 (1978; Zbl 0384.03010)] introduced certain bi-relational frames as a product of usual Kripke frames and proposed the frame-product (f-product for short) of two uni-modal logics by means of the product semantically, that is, the (two-dimensional) bi-modal logic characterized by the class of bi-relational frames obtained as the products of Kripke frames for the respective uni-modal logics. Obviously, the f-product is an extension of fusion, and in many cases the extension is proper, including the case where the both are S4, for instance. Shehtman [loc. cit] proved that for any couple of Kripke complete Horn axiomatizable uni-modal logics their f-product is axiomatized over the fusion by certain simple bi-modal axioms related to their commutativity, where such an axiomatic extension of fusion is called commutator (of two uni-modal logics) in general. The idea has been developed in the topological semantics introducing the topological-product (t-product) of two uni-modal logics over S4 by \textit{J. van Benthem} et al. [Stud. Log. 84, No. 3, 369--392 (2006; Zbl 1113.03018)]. Then it is generalized to the neighbourhood semantics as well by \textit{A. Kudinov} [``On neighborhood product of some Horn axiomatizable logics'', Preprint, \url{doi:arXiv:1609.03232}]. As for the t-product, van Benthem et al. [loc. cit] proved that the t-product of S4 agrees on their fusion in contrast to the case of f-product and conjectured also that the logic determined by the products of arbitrary topological space and Alexandrov space is axiomatized as the e-commutator of S4, where Alexsandolov spaces are the topological counterpart of S4-frames and the e-commutator introduced by \textit{A. Kurucz} and \textit{M. Zakharyaschev} [in: Advances in modal logic. Vol. 4. Selected papers from the 4th conference (AiML 2002), Toulouse, France, October 2002. London: King's College Publications. 221--242 (2003; Zbl 1082.03018)] is certain sublogic of commutator enjoying a part of characteristic bi-modal axioms. In this paper, these (f- and t-) products are generalized in a natural and uniform way. For example, given a topological space and a frame, certain topological space with binary relation is defined as their product based on the essentially same idea as above, which then provides the tf-product of two uni-modal logics similarly. The main result among others is that the tf-product of S4 and L is their e-commutator if L is a Kripke complete Horn axiomatizable extension of D, which therefore gives an affirmative answer to the above mentioned conjecture in an extended form. It is also remarked that the result fails for the tf-product of S4 and K (or K4), so that the axiomatization of such logics remains still open.