Computing bases of modular forms using the graded algebra structure (Q1757406)

In this article, the authors offer a new algorithm to compute a basis of the space \(M_k(\Gamma_0(N))\) of modular forms of integral level \(N\) and of even weight \(k\) with respect to the modular group \(\Gamma_0(N)\) in the case that the graded algebra \(\sum_{k\geq 2}M_k(\Gamma_0(N))\) is generated by modular forms of weight \(2\). This case occurs precisely when \(N\) is satisfied with the following (1) and (2): (1) either \(4|N\) or \(p|N\) for some prime \(p\equiv 3 \mod 4\); (2) either \(9|N\) or \(p|N\) for some prime \(p\equiv 2 \mod 3\). This algorithm gives a basis of \(M_k(\Gamma_0(N))\) by generating independent products of \(k/2\) modular forms of weight \(2\) in series. Comparing with the previous standard algorithm based on the modular symbol, on experiments by the authors, this algorithm shows significant improvement in both speed and memory usage. Further in the case that \(M_2(\Gamma_0(N))\) is generated by eta-quotients, the authors offer another algorithm by eta-quotients.