Level sets of multiple ergodic averages (Q1758235)

The authors consider a topological dynamical system \((X; f )\) and, for a positive integer \(\ell\), multiple ergodic averages \[ \frac1n \sum^n_{k=1} \varphi _1( f^k (x))\varphi_2 (f^{ 2k} (x)) \dots \varphi_\ell (f^{\ell k} (x)), \] with \(\varphi_i \in C(X), i = 1, 2, \dots, \ell\). The limit of these multiple ergodic averages was studied among others by by Furstenberg, Bergelson and Bourgain. The objective of this reviewed article is to compute the Hausdorff dimension of level sets for multifractal spectra of ergodic averages. The specific case analyzed is \( X = \sum_2\) = symbolic space of sequences in two symbols \(\{+1, -1\}\) and \(\varphi_1 = \varphi_2 = \dots = \varphi_\ell = x_1\), for \(x \in \sum_2\). Now the multifractal level sets under consideration are \[ B_\alpha =\biggl\{x : \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac1n\sum^n_{k=1} x_1{}x_{2k} \dots x_{\ell k} = \alpha\biggr\}. \] The main result of the article is \[ \dim_H B_{\alpha}= 1 - \frac1\ell +\frac1\ell H \biggl( \frac{ 1 + \alpha}{2}\biggr), \] where \(H(t) = - t \log t - (1 - t) \log(1 - t)\). This result generalizes that obtained for \(\ell = 1\) by Besicovitch and Eggleston. A variational formula for the multifractal spectrum of topological entropy of limits of V-statistics was obtained by Fan, Schmeling and Wu. The main idea for the proof is to consider the symbolic space \(\sum_{2}\) as an infinite product of copies of \(\{+1, -1\}\), and in this way the symbolic space can be endowed with a group structure and functions which are a set of characters. The multifractal set \(B_\alpha\) support a Riesz product and a measure with a dimension equal to the Hausdorff dimension of \(B _\alpha\). It is a very interesting work, yielding a concrete value for the Hausdorff dimension of multifractal sets.