Dimension spectrum for a nonconventional ergodic average (Q2392521)

Let \(\Sigma_2=\{0,1\}^{\mathbb N}\) be the space of \(0\)-\(1\) sequences with the usual metric. Given \(\theta\in [0,1]\), let \[ A_\theta:= \Big\{ (x_k)_{k=1}^\infty\in\Sigma_2: \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac1n\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}x_kx_{2k}=\theta\Big\}. \] These sets are very particular examples of level sets of multiple Birkhoff averages investigated first by \textit{H. Furstenberg} [J. Anal. Math. 31, 204--256 (1977; Zbl 0347.28016)]. The paper studies the Hausdorff dimension \(\dim_H\) of the sets \(A_\theta\) and shows that for \(\theta\in(0,1)\) \[ \dim_HA_\theta =f(\theta) :=-\log_2(1-p)-\frac\theta2\log_2\frac{(1-q)(1-p)}{qp}\,, \] where \(q\in(0,1)\) and \(p\in(0,1)\) are numbers satisfying \[ p^2q=(1-p)^3,\quad \theta=\frac{2p(1-q)}{1+p+q}\,. \] Further, \(\dim_HA_0=\lim_{\theta\to0}f(\theta)=-\log_2(1-p)\) and \(\dim_HA_1=\lim_{\theta\to1}f(\theta)=0\). This answers a question raised by \textit{A.-H. Fan} et al. [Monatsh. Math. 168, No. 1, 17--26 (2012; Zbl 1263.37041)] where the corresponding problem on the space \(\{-1,1\}^{\mathbb N}\) was studied.