Matrix factorizations over projective schemes (Q1758724)

A \textit{matrix factorization} of an element \(f\) of a commutative ring \(Q\) is a pair \((A,B)\) of \(n\times n\) matrices such that \(AB = f\cdot \text{I}_n = BA\). This notion was introduced by \textit{D. Eisenbud} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 260, No. 1, 35--64 (1980; Zbl 0444.13006)] who used it to study minimal free resolutions of finitely generated modules over the factor ring \(R = Q/(f)\) when \(Q\) is a regular local ring. \textit{R.-O. Buchweitz} [``Maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules and Tate-cohomology over Gorenstein rings'', unpublished manuscript, (1987)] observed that Eisenbud's results provide an equivalence \((A,B) \mapsto \text{Coker}\, A\) between the homotopy category \([MF(Q,f)]\) of matrix factorizations and the \textit{singularity category} \(\text{D}_{\text{sg}}(R) := \text{D}^b(R)/\text{Perf}(R)\) of \(R\). Here \(\text{Perf}(R)\) is the subcategory of the bounded derived category \(\text{D}^b(R)\) of finitely generated \(R\)-modules consisting of complexes isomorphic in \(\text{D}^b(R)\) to a bounded complex of finitely generated projective \(R\)-modules. In the paper under review the authors are concerned with a global analogue of this equivalence. Let \(X\) be a Noetherian scheme, \(\mathcal L\) an invertible sheaf on \(X\), \(W\) a global section of \(\mathcal L\) and \(Y \subset X\) the zero scheme of \(W\). If \(\mathcal F\) is a coherent sheaf on \(X\), one uses the notation \(\mathcal F(n) := {\mathcal F}\otimes_{{\mathcal O}_X}{\mathcal L}^{\otimes \, n}\). A \textit{twisted periodic sequence} of locally free sheaves on \(X\) is a sequence \({\mathcal E}^\bullet = ({\mathcal E}^i)_{i \in {\mathbb Z}}\) of such sheaves with the property that \({\mathcal E}^{i+2} = {\mathcal E}^i(1)\), \(\forall \, i \in {\mathbb Z}\). If \({\mathcal E}^\bullet\) and \({\mathcal F}^\bullet\) are two twisted periodic sequences, one denotes by \(\underline{\text{Hom}}^p({\mathcal E}^\bullet, {\mathcal F}^\bullet)\) the subgroup of \[ \text{Hom}^p({\mathcal E}^\bullet,{\mathcal F}^\bullet) := { \prod_{i\in {\mathbb Z}}}\text{Hom}({\mathcal E}^i,{\mathcal F}^{i+p}) \] consisting of the elements \((\phi^i)_{i\in {\mathbb Z}}\) with \(\phi^{i+2} = \phi^i(1)\), \(\forall \, i \in {\mathbb Z}\). Obviously: \[ \underline{\text{Hom}}^p({\mathcal E}^\bullet,{\mathcal F}^\bullet) \simeq \text{Hom}({\mathcal E}^{-1},{\mathcal F}^{p-1}) \oplus \text{Hom}({\mathcal E}^0,{\mathcal F}^p)\, . \] Considering the morphism \({\mathcal O}_X \rightarrow {\mathcal L}\) associated to \(W\), one has that \(\text{id}_{\mathcal E}\otimes W\) belongs to \(\underline{\text{Hom}}^2({\mathcal E}^\bullet,{\mathcal E}^\bullet)\). A \textit{matrix factorization} of the triple \((X,{\mathcal L},W)\) is a pair \({\mathbb E} = ({\mathcal E}^\bullet,e)\) with \(e \in \underline{\text{Hom}}^1({\mathcal E}^\bullet,{\mathcal E}^\bullet)\) such that \(e \circ e = \text{id}_{\mathcal E}\otimes W\). If \({\mathbb F} = ({\mathcal F}^\bullet,f)\) is another matrix factorization then the operators: \[ d^p : \underline{\text{Hom}}^p({\mathcal E}^\bullet,{\mathcal F}^\bullet) \rightarrow \underline{\text{Hom}}^{p+1}({\mathcal E}^\bullet,{\mathcal F}^\bullet), \;\phi \mapsto f\circ \phi - (-1)^p\phi \circ e \] endow the twisted periodic sequence \((\underline{\text{Hom}}^p({\mathcal E}^\bullet,{\mathcal F}^\bullet))_{p \in {\mathbb Z}}\) of abelian groups with the stucture of a \textit{twisted periodic complex}, which one denotes by \(\underline{\text{Hom}}^\bullet({\mathbb E},{\mathbb F})\). The naive homotopy category of matrix factorizations \([MF(X,{\mathcal L},W)]_{\text{naive}}\) has as Hom-groups: \[ \text{Hom}_{MF_{\text{naive}}}({\mathbb E},{\mathbb F}) := \text{H}^0(\underline{\text{Hom}}^\bullet({\mathbb E},{\mathbb F}))\, . \] For technical reasons, that are specific to the non-affine case, one works with the Verdier quotient \([MF(X,{\mathcal L},W)]\) of \([MF(X,{\mathcal L},W)]_{\text{naive}}\) by objects \({\mathbb E} = ({\mathcal E}^\bullet,e)\) with \(\text{Coker}\, e^{-1}\) a locally free \({\mathcal O}_Y\)-module. The first main result of the paper under review asserts that if \(X\) is a projective scheme over the spectrum of a Noetherian ring \(Q\), and if \({\mathcal L} = {\mathcal O}_X(1)\) then the Hom-groups of the category \([MF(X,{\mathcal L},W)]\) can be calculated by the formula: \[ \text{Hom}_{MF}({\mathbb E},{\mathbb F}) \simeq {\mathbb H}^0(\underline{{\mathcal H}om}^\bullet({\mathbb E},{\mathbb F})) \] where \(\underline{{\mathcal H}om}^\bullet\) is the sheafified version of the complex \(\underline{\text{Hom}}^\bullet\) and \(\mathbb H\) denotes the hypercohomology. The second main result asserts that if, moreover, \(W : {\mathcal O}_X \rightarrow {\mathcal L}\) is a monomorphism of sheaves, then the functor: \[ [MF(X,{\mathcal L},W)] \rightarrow \text{D}_{\text{sg}}(Y),\;{\mathbb E} \mapsto \text{Coker}\, e^{-1} \] is fully faithful and its essential image consists of the objects \(\mathcal C\) of \(\text{D}_{\text{sg}}(Y)\) with the property that \(i_\ast{\mathcal C}\) is perfect on \(X\), where \(i : Y \rightarrow X\) denotes the inclusion. This is an analogue of a result of \textit{D. Orlov} [Math. Ann. 353, No. 1, 95--108 (2012; Zbl 1243.81178)] which assumed that \({\mathcal L} = {\mathcal O}_X\).