Twelve limit cycles in a cubic order planar system with \(Z_2\) symmetry (Q1766160)

The paper is a very important step in studying the maximal number of limit cycles for planar cubic system because the authors report on the existence of exact twelve small-amplitude limit cycles in such system for the first time. Till this moment, beginning from the paper [\textit{H. Zoladek}, Nonlinearity 8, No. 5, 843--860 (1995; Zbl 0837.34042)], it was known that 11 limit cycles can exist. The authors consider a system which is symmetric with respect to the origin and has two Hopf-type focus points around each of them there are six limit cycles. Moreover, is shown that such system cannot have fourteen or sixteen limit cycles. Similar results are contained in the paper of \textit{Y. Liu} and \textit{W. Huang} [Bull. Sci. Math. 129, No. 2, 83--98 (2005; Zbl 1086.34030)].