On modular mod \(\ell\) Galois representations with exceptional images (Q1771015)

Let \(\ell\) be an odd prime number and \(K\mid {\mathbb Q}\) be a Galois-extension with group \(S_4,A_4,\) or \(A_5\). The authors are able to give necessary restrictions on the Serre invariants \((N,k,\nu)\) of twodimensional modular representations \(\rho: G_{\mathbb Q}\to \text{ GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb F}_\ell),\) for which \(K\) is the fixed field of the kernel of the corresponding homomorphism to \(\text{PGL}_2(\overline{\mathbb F}_\ell).\) In particular, they find a way to describe \(N\) and \(\nu\) and a small set \(W_\ell\) of natural numbers (depending on the ramification behaviour of \(K\) at \(\ell\)) such that for those Serre invariants the weight \(k\) lies in \(W_\ell\) (if it lies between 2 and \(\ell-1\)). There is a partial converse assertion to the necessity of these conditions on the Serre invariants. The results are illustrated by illuminating examples.