Zero-dimensional Donaldson-Thomas invariants of Calabi-Yau 4-folds (Q1789497)

In contrast to lower dimensions, the Hilbert scheme of \(n\) points of a compact smooth projective Calabi-Yau \(4\)-fold \(X\) does not have the virtual class of degree zero. To define the degree zero Donaldson-Thomas invariants \(DT_4(X,L,n,o(\mathcal{L}))\), the authors assume that the determinant line bundle \(o(\mathcal{L})\) over \(\mathrm{Hilb}^n(X)\) is oriented, and integrate the Euler class of the tautological rank \(n\) vector bundles over the virtual class. The generating series of these invariants is conjectured to be \[ \sum_{n=0}^\infty DT_4(X,L,n,o(\mathcal{L}))q^n=M(-q)^{\int_Xc_1(L)\cdot c_3(X)}, \] where \(M(q)\) is the MacMahon function. The conjecture is verified for \(n\leq3\) when \(L=\mathcal{O}_X(D)\) and \(D\) is a smooth divisor. The \(DT_4\) invariants can then be reduced to degree zero \(DT_3\) invariants of \(D\). When \(X\) is a smooth quasi-projective toric (hence non-compact) Calabi-Yau \(4\)-fold, the authors formulate an equivariant version of the conjecture. It is verified for \(L=\mathcal{O}_X(D)\), where \(D\) is a smooth torus invariant divisor. When \(X=\mathbb{C}^4\) the conjecture is reduced to a formula for solid partitions using the vertex formalism, and verified modulo \(q^7\) with Maple. When \(D=\{x_4^d=0\}\subset\mathbb{C}^4\) the authors define rational weights \(\omega_\pi\) for solid partitions \(\pi\) with \(\pi_{111}\leq d\) in terms of the equivariant Euler classes, and conjecture that they are equal to weights \(\omega_\pi^c\) with an explicit combinatorial definition. Based on the conjectures about the \(DT_4\) invariants the weighted partition function of solid partitions is, \[ \sum_{\pi}\omega_\pi t^{\pi_{111}}q^{|\pi|} =e^{t(M(q)-1)}, \] and this formula is proved when \(\omega_\pi\) are replaced by \(\omega_\pi^c\). The combinatorial version of the formula is extended to \(d\)-dimensional partitions, and it is predicted that it admits a geometric interpretation related to the \(DT\) invariants of \(\mathbb{C}^{d+1}\). A connection to specializations of Nekrasov's \(K\)-theoretic partition function for \(\mathrm{Hilb}^n(\mathbb{C}^4)\) is also noted.