Characterization of half-radial matrices (Q1794329)

The authors give necessary and sufficient conditions characterizing half-radial matrices, i.e., such that \(r(A)=\frac{1}{2}\|A\|\), where \(r(A)\) is the numerical radius of a square matrix \(A\). They study their algebraic structure, their singular left- and right-subspaces corresponding to the maximum singular value and other properties. Based on these results, the authors also study the extreme case of the attainable constant \(2\) in the Crouzeix conjecture. Motivated by a conjecture by \textit{A. Greenbaum} and \textit{M. L. Overton} [Linear Algebra Appl. 542, 225--245 (2018; Zbl 1415.15021)] and using a theorem by \textit{M. J. Crabb} [Mich. Math. J. 18, 253--256 (1971; Zbl 0198.17204)], the authors show that a matrix \(A\) reaches the upper bound in the Crouzeix inequality with constant \(2\) for some monomial if and only if its scalar multiple can be unitarily transformed to a block diagonal form with one block being a Crabb-Choi-Crouzeix matrix.