Comparison and vanishing theorems for Kähler manifolds (Q1794395)

The authors consider orthogonal Ricci curvature \(\text{Ric}^{\perp}\) for Kähler manifolds, which is a curvature closely related to the Ricci curvature and the holomorphic sectional curvature. Using this curvature, they show the following results: \(\triangle^\perp\) is the orthogonal Laplacian defined to be \[ \triangle^\perp\rho=\triangle\rho-\nabla^2\rho(Z,\bar Z) \] where \(\displaystyle Z=\frac 1{\sqrt 2}(\nabla\rho-iC(\nabla\rho))\) and \(\nabla^2\rho(Z,\bar Z)\) is the holomorphic Hessian of \(\rho\) denoted by \(\nabla^2_{\mathcal H}\rho\). Theorem. [Comparison Theorem 1.1] \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] Let \((M^m,g)\) be a Kähler manifold with \(\text{Ric}^\perp\geq (m-1)\lambda\). Let \((\tilde M,\tilde g)\) be the complex space form with constant holomorphic sectional curvature \(2\lambda\). Let \(\rho(x)\) be the distance function to a point \(p\) (and \(\tilde\rho\) be the corresponding distance function to a point \(\tilde p\)). Then for a point \(x\), which is not in the cut locus of \(p\), \[ \triangle^{\perp}\rho(x)\leq \triangle^{\perp}\tilde\rho\,|_{\tilde\rho=\rho(x)} =(m-1)\cot _{\frac {\lambda}2}(\rho). \] \item[(ii)] Let \((M^m,g)\) be a Kähler manifold with holomorphic sectional curvature \(H\geq 2\lambda\). Let \((\tilde M,\tilde g)\) be the complex space form with constant holomorphic sectional curvature \(2\lambda\). Let \(\rho(x)\)\, (respectively \(\tilde \rho\)) be the distance function to a complex submanifold \(P\) in \(M\) (respectively \(\tilde P\) in \(\tilde M\)). Then for \(x\) not in the focal locus of \(P\), \[ \nabla^2_{\mathcal H}\rho\,|_x \leq \nabla^2_{\mathcal H}\tilde\rho\,|_{\tilde\rho= \rho(x)}. \] \end{itemize} In particular, if \(\lambda=0\) and \(\tilde P\) is a point, \[ \nabla^2_{\mathcal H}\rho\,|_x \leq \frac 1{2\rho(x)}\, \Longleftrightarrow\, \nabla^2_{\mathcal H}\log \rho\leq 0. \] Theorem. [Comparison Theorem 1.4] Let \((M^m,g)\) be a Kähler manifold with \(\displaystyle\text{Ric}^\perp\geq (m-1)\lambda\). Let \((\tilde M,\tilde g)\) be the complex space form with constant holomorphic sectional curvature \(2\lambda\). Let \(\rho(x)\) be the distance function to a complex hypersurface \(P\) (and \(\tilde \rho\) be the corresponding distance function to a totally geodesic complex hypersurface \(\tilde P\)). Then, for a point \(x\), which is not in the focal locus of \(P\), \[ \triangle^{\perp}\rho(x)\,\leq\, \triangle^{\perp}\tilde \rho\,|_{\tilde\rho= \rho(x)}= (m-1)\tan_{\frac {\lambda}2}(\rho). \] Here, for \(\lambda>0\), \(\displaystyle \tan_{\frac {\lambda}2}(t)\) is defined to be \(\displaystyle -\sqrt{\frac{\lambda}2}\, \frac{\sin(\sqrt{\frac{\lambda}2} t)}{\cos(\sqrt{\frac{\lambda}2} t)}\). Theorem. [Vanishing Theorem 1.7] Let \(M^m\) \((m \geq 2)\) be a compact Kähler manifold with \(\text{Ric}^\perp>0\) everywhere. Then its Hodge numbers are \(h^{m-1,0} = h^{2,0} = 0\). In particular, \(M^m\) is always projective. Also, it is simply connected when \(m \leq 4\). The authors construct various examples to illustrate subtle relationships among them. As a consequence of the vanishing theorem, they show that any compact Kähler manifold with positive orthogonal Ricci curvature must be projective. This result complements a recent result of \textit{X. Yang} [Camb. J. Math. 6, No. 2, 183--212 (2018; Zbl 1392.32007)] on the projectivity under the positivity of holomorphic sectional curvature. The simply connectedness is shown when the complex dimension is smaller than five. Further study of compact Kähler manifolds with \(\text{Ric}^{\perp}>0\) is carried out in [\textit{L. Ni} et al., ``Manifolds with positive orthogonal Ricci curvature'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1806.10233}].