Heegaard diagrams and surgery descriptions for twisted face-pairing 3-manifolds (Q1810409)

This paper is one of a series by these same authors that concern the twisted face-pairing construction. The basic construction is: 1.~Start with a \(3\)-cell \(P\) with a cell structure on its boundary and a choice of identifications of its faces in pairs. 2.~Subdivide the edges, subject only to the condition that edges equivalent under the pairing identifications are subdivided into the same number of edges. 3.~Identify the faces, using not the original pairing but its composition with twisting each face to the right through an angle \(2\pi /n\), where \(n\) is the number of sides of the face after the subdivision of its edges. It is unknown whether every closed orientable \(3\)-manifold can be produced by twisted face-pairing. After introductory material, the authors generalize the basic construction to the version needed for the present work. The main difference is that regularity assumptions on the cell structure on the boundary of \(P\) are dropped. The ``dual cap subdivision'' construction needed for working with twisted face-pairings is adapted to these more general cell structures. Starting from a not-necessarily-twisted face pairing construction of a \(3\)-manifold \(M\), with \(P\) having \(n\) pairs of faces, the authors give a procedure for finding a genus-\(n\) Heegaard splitting of \(M\), which for them means a genus-\(n\) surface \(S\) and two sets of \(n\) closed loops in \(S\) which will bound sets of meridian disks in the handlebodies on the two sides of \(S\) in \(M\). The first main result of the paper is a method for reversing this process. Starting from a Heegaard splitting, a geometric construction leads to a decomposition of \(S\) into annuli called cylinders. One of the handlebodies can be cut along core circles of these cylinders to obtain a ball \(P\) with a not-necessarily-twisted face pairing which produces \(M\). Associated to each of the cylinders is a certain pair of integers, determined by the intersection pattern of the original sets of \(n\) loops, and when the ratio of these two integers is again an integer, the face-pairing of \(P\) that gives \(M\) is actually a twisted face-pairing. The second main result of the paper is a method for starting with a twisted face-pairing construction of a manifold \(M\) and obtaining a description of \(M\) as a result of Dehn surgery on a link in the \(3\)-sphere. It is based on the corridor construction, an algorithmic procedure that starts from a planar picture of the cell structure of the boundary of \(P\), and manipulates it to produce a picture of the link. Examples are given using the corridor construction to identify some manifolds that result from explicit face-pairing constructions. Besides some reducible \(3\)-manifolds, these include the Brieskorn homology \(3\)-sphere \(\Sigma(2,3,7)\) and a family of Seifert fibered \(3\)-manifolds that includes the Heisenberg manifold.